Table 7.

Transportation AI/OSH algorithm, sensor and actuator research organized by the REDECA framework. Major technologies described by each paper is mentioned and linked to the relevant papers [159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210]. Summary of each paper is found in Appendix D.

REDECA Component	AI Algorithms (ML)	Sensors	Actuators	Environment (Type of Hazard)
Prob. R2	GMM: [203] Helly model: [203] ANN: [207]	Infrared: [170] Camera: [170,207] EMG: [180] Pressure: [203] Vehicular: [207]		Fatigue: [170,180,203,207]
Detect R1→R2	SVM: [173,174,175,188,209] CNN: [183,190,191,192] Bayesian NN: [178,182,202,208] Digital Signal Processing: [181] Fuzzy NN: [186,187] DL: [189] Binary Decision Classifier: [200,201] ANN: [207] NN: [210]	Infrared: [170,193,210] Camera: [170,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,200,205,206,208,210] ECG: [173,181] PPG: [174,208,209] EOG: [175,181] EEG: [178,181,183] Vehicular: [201,205,206,207,209,210] Accelerometer: [209] Gyroscope: [209]	Alarm: [191,208] Smartwatch: [209]	Fatigue: [170,173,174,175,178,181,182,183,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,200,201,202,205,206,207,208,209,210] Distraction: [193]
Int. R1→R2	CNN: [191] Bayesian NN: [208] SVM: [209]	Camera: [191,208] PPG: [208,209] Accelerometer: [209] Gyroscope: [209] Vehicular: [209]	Alarm: [191,208] Smartwatch: [209]	Fatigue: [191,208,209]
Int. R2→R1
Prob. R3	SVM: [168,173]	ECG: [173] PPG: [174] Infrared: [193] Camera: [193]		Fatigue: [168,173,174,193] Distraction: [193]
Detect R2→R3
Int. R2→R3
Prob. Rec.
Int. R3