Table 3.
The adjusted odds ratios of two forms of pregnancy-induced hypertension for basic risk factors (model-a).
| Basic Risk Factors | GH Risk | PE Risk |
|---|---|---|
| AOR-a (95% CI); p * | AOR-a (95% CI); p * | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2): | ||
| Obesity (≥30) | 4.72 (2.73–8.14); <0.001 | 8.68 (3.30–23.20); <0.001 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 2.04 (1.23–3.37); 0.005 | 1.68 (0.50–5.63); 0.397 |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 0.23 (0.03–1.69); 0.148 | 2.56 (0.52–12.62); 0.248 |
| Normal BMI (18.5–24.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Smoking in the 1st tr. | 3.51 (1.79–6.89); <0.001 | 2.79 (0.76–10.27); 0.124 |
| Smoking (ever) | 1.64 (1.01–2.66); 0.044 | 0.88 (0.29–2.65); 0.817 |
| Never smoked | 1 | 1 |
| GWG above the range | 1.90 (1.15–3.12); 0.012 | 1.15 (0.44–3.00); 0.770 |
| GWG below the range | 1.09 (0.59–2.01); 0.779 | 0.84 (0.26–2.67); 0.768 |
| GWG in the range | 1 | 1 |
| Maternal age (years): | ||
| ≥40 | 2.97 (1.2–7.32) 0.018 | 0.94 (0.08–11.6); 0.963 |
| 18–24 | 0.51 (0.1–2.53) 0.413 | 3.26 (0.42–25.0); 0.256 |
| 25–29 | 1 | 1 |
| Prior GH/PE | ||
| Yes | 37.98 (11.16–129); <0.001 | 31.11 (5.83–166.0); <0.001 |
| No | 1 | 1 |
| Primiparity | 1.90 (1.22–2.96); 0.005 | 1.55 (0.64–3.77); 0.332 |
| Multiparity | 1 | 1 |
| Education <12 years | 2.76 (1.48–5.15); 0.001 | 5.44 (2.01–14.71); 0.001 |
| Education ≥12 years | 1 | 1 |
| Lower financial status ** | 2.53 (1.56–4.12); <0.001 | 3.64 (1.51–8.76); 0.004 |
| Higher financial status ** | 1 | 1 |
| Infertility treatment | ||
| Yes | 1.65 (0.68–4.01); 0.269 | 4.29 (1.06–17.39); 0.041 |
| No | 1 | 1 |
* AOR-a: adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of GH and PE calculated in multiple logistic regression in model-a; the results were adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, primiparity, gestational weight gain (GWG) out of the range and smoking in the first trimester (p-value < 0.05 was assumed to be significant). ** Financial status was assessed on the 5-point Likert scale (Table 1): Lower financial status includes the levels 1–3; higher financial status includes the levels 4–5. GH: gestational hypertension; PE: preeclampsia. Controls: normotensive women.