Table 2.
Psychiatric features of patients with/without traumatic experienced seizure (TES).
| At least one traumatic seizure (N = 48) | No traumatic seizure (N = 55) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal psychiatric history | |||
| Psychiatric follow-up, n (%) | 22 (45.83) | 23 (41.81) | 0.68* |
| Hospitalization for psychiatric care, n (%) | 8 (16.66) | 4 (7.27) | 0.13* |
| Personal history of suicide attempt, n (%) | 7 (14.58) | 5 (9.09) | 0.38* |
| Number of past psychiatric comorbidities, mean (SD) | 1.58 (1.11) | 0.87 (1.07) | <0.001*** |
| Current psychiatric comorbidities | |||
| At least one current pathology (MINI), n (%) | 33 (68.75) | 29 (52.72) | 0.09* |
| Number of current psychiatric comorbidities, mean (SD) | 1 (0.93) | 0.74 (0.83) | 0.12*** |
| Number of Current psychotropic treatment, mean (SD) | 0.375 (0.78) | 0.09 (0.28) | 0.04*** |
| Antidepressants, n (%) | 7 (14.58) | 3 (5.45) | 0.18** |
| Antipsychotics, n (%) | 5 (10.41) | 1 (1.81) | 0.09** |
| Anxiolytics, n (%) | 6 (12.5) | 1 (1.81) | 0.04** |
| Mood disorders | |||
| Current depressive disorder (MINI), n (%) | 8 (16.66) | 4 (7.27) | 0.13* |
| Depression according NDDIE score ≥16, n (%) | 11 (26.19) | 6 (11.76) | 0.07* |
| Specific mood disorder linked with epilepsy | |||
| Interictal dysphoric disorder, n (%) | 16 (33.33) | 8 (14.54) | 0.024* |
| Pre-ictal mood disorder, n (%) | 7 (14.58) | 0 (0) | 0.003** |
| Ictal mood disorder, n (%) | 3 (6.25) | 0 (0) | 0.09** |
| Post-ictal mood disorder, n (%) | 10 (20.83) | 6 (10.9) | 0.16* |
| Anxiety disorder | |||
| At least one current anxiety disorder (MINI), n (%) | 23 (47.91) | 11 (20.0) | 0.002* |
| Panic disorder, n (%) | 3 (6.25) | 5 (9.09) | 0.72** |
| Agoraphobia, n (%) | 7 (14.58) | 2 (3.63) | 0.07** |
| Generalized anxiety disorder, n (%) | 10 (20.83) | 3 (5.45) | 0.019* |
| Social phobia, n (%) | 6 (12.5) | 2 (3.63) | 0.14** |
| GAD according GAD-7 score ≥8, n (%) | 14 (33.33) | 9 (17.64) | 0.08* |
| Specific anxiety disorders linked with epilepsy | |||
| Pre-ictal anxiety, n (%) | 21 (43.75) | 14 (25.45) | 0.050* |
| Interictal/anticipatory anxiety of a seizure, n (%) | 21 (70) | 16 (37.2) | 0.005* |
| Ictal anxiety, n (%) | 22 (45.83) | 12 (21.81) | 0.009* |
| Post-ictal anxiety, n (%) | 10 (20.83) | 5 (9.09) | 0.09* |
| Behavior of limitation or avoidance, n (%) | 26 (54.16) | 16 (29.09) | 0.009* |
| Obsessive-Compulsive | |||
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder, n (%) | 3 (6.25) | 1 (1.81) | 0.33** |
| Psychotic disorders | |||
| Psychotic disorder (MINI), n (%) | 4 (8.33) | 6 (10.90) | 0.74** |
| Post-ictal psychosis, lifetime, n (%) | 1 (2.08) | 0 (0) | 0.46** |
| Addictive disorders | |||
| Alcohol addiction (MINI), n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (5.45) | 0.24** |
| Cannabis addiction (MINI), n (%) | 2 (4.16) | 3 (5.45) | 1** |
| Alexithymia | |||
| Alexithymia (according TAS score >61), n (%) | 14 (33.33) | 2 (4.76) | <0.001* |
| Feelings' description difficulties mean score (SD) | 13.97 (4.36) | 12.11 (3.45) | 0.035**** |
| Feelings' identification difficulties mean score (SD) | 18.8 (6.93) | 16 (5.23) | 0.041**** |
| Thoughts turned to the outside mean score (SD) | 20.59 (4.46) | 20.47 (3.49) | 0.89**** |
*
Chi 2;
**
Fisher exact test;
***
Mann–Whitney U-test;
****
Student's t-test.
SD, standard deviation; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; NDDI-E, neurological disorders depression inventory for epilepsy; TAS, Toronto alexithymia scale; MINI, mini international neuropsychiatric interview.