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. 2021 Jun 24;18(13):6800. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136800

Table 1.

Study variables.

Variables Question Response Options and Recoding
Outcome variable
Injury During the past 12 months, how many times were you seriously injured? 1 = 0 times; to 8 = 12 or more time
(coded as 1 = 0; 2–8 = 1)
Injury events
Type of injury During the past 12 months, what was the most serious injury that happened to you?

  1. I was not seriously injured during the past 12 months

  2. I had a broken bone or a dislocated joint

  3. I had a cut or stab wound

  4. I had a concussion or other head or neck injury was knocked out, or could not breathe

  5. I had a gunshot wound

  6. I had a bad burn

  7. I was poisoned or took too much of a drug

  8. Something else happened to me
Cause of injury During the past 12 months, what was the major cause of the most serious injury that happened to you?

  1. I was not seriously injured during the past 12 months

  2. I was in a motor vehicle accident or hit by a motor vehicle

  3. I fell

  4. Something fell on me or hit me

  5. I was attacked or abused or was fighting with someone

  6. I was in a fire or too near a flame or something hot

  7. I inhaled or swallowed something bad for me

  8. Something else caused my injury
Explanatory variables
Age How old are you? 1 = 11 years or younger; to 8 = 18 years or older
(coded as 1–3 = 0; 4–6 = 1; 7–8 = 2)
Sex What is your sex? 1 = male, 2 = female
(coded as 2 = 0; and 1 = 1)
Grade In what grade are you? Coded as JHS = 0; and SHS = 1
Physical education During this school year, on how many days did you go to physical education (PE) class each week? 1 = 0 days; to 6 = 5 or more days
(coded 1 = 0 and2–6 = 1)
Truancy During the past 30 days, on how many days did you miss classes or school without permission? 1 = 0 days; to 5= 10 or more
(coded 1 = 0 and 2–5 = 1)
Hunger (a proxy of socioeconomic status) During the past 30 days, how often did you go hungry because there was no enough food in your home? 1 = never; to 5 = always
(coded 1–3 = 0, 4–5 = 1)
Bullied During the past 30 days, on how many days were you bullied? 1 = 0 days; to 7 = All 30 days
(coded 1 = 0; 2–7 = 1)
Physical fight During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight? 1 = 0 times; to 8 = 12 or more times
(coded 1 = 0 and 2–8 = 1)
Physically attacked During the past 12 months, how many times were you physically attacked? 1 = 0 times; to 8 = 12 or more times
(coded 1 = 0 and 2–8 = 1)
Peer support During the past 30 days, how often were most of the students in your school kind and helpful? 1 = never; to 5 = always
(coded 1–3 = 0 and 4–5 = 1)
Substance use
Current alcohol use During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink containing alcohol? 1 = 0 days; to 7 = All 30 days
(coded as 1 = 0; 2–7 = 1)
Current tobacco use During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use any tobacco products other than cigarettes, such as tawa snuff powder, chewing tobacco, paper rolled tobacco, dip, cigar, or pipe? 1 = 0 days; to 7 = All 30 days
(coded as 1 = 0 and 2–7 = 1)
Current cigarettes use (current smoking) During the past 30 days, how many days did you smoke cigarettes? 1 = 0 days; to 7 = All 30 days
(coded as 1 = 0 and 2–7 = 1)
Current marijuana use During the past 30 days, how many times have you used marijuana (also called wee, Jah, Indian hemp, ahabammono, and ganja)? 1 = 0 times; to 5 = 20 or more times
(coded as 1 = 0 and 2–5 = 1)
Drug use During your life, how many times have you used amphetamines or methamphetamines (also called ice or yellow)? 1 = 0 times; to 5 = 20 or more times
(coded as 1 = 0 and 2–5 = 1)
Psychological distress
Loneliness During the past 12 months, how often have you felt lonely? 1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = most of the time to 5 = always
(coded as 1–3 = 0 and 4–5 = 1)
Anxiety During the past 12 months, how often have you been so worried about something that you could not sleep at night? 1 = never to 5 = always
(coded 1–3 = 0 and 4–5 = 1)
Suicide attempt During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide? 1 = yes, 2 = no
(coded as 2 = 0; and 1 = 1)
Close friends How many close friends do you have? 1 = 0; to 4 = 3 or more
(coded as 1 = 1; and 2–4 = 0)
Parental or guardian support
Parental supervision During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians check to see if your homework was done? 1 = never; to 5 = always
(coded 1–3 = 0; 4–5 = 1)
Parental Connectedness During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians understand your problems and worries? 1 = never; to 5 = always
(coded 1–3 = 0; 4–5 = 1)
Parental or guardian Bonding During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians really know what you were doing with your free time? 1 = never; to 5 = always
(coded 1–3 = 0; 4–5 = 1)
Parental respect for privacy During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians go through your things without your approval? 1 = never; to 5 = alwayss
(coded 1–3 = 0 and 4–5 = 2)