Table 3.

Estimated associations between per capita sales of moist snuff and prices of moist snuff, disposable e-cigarettes, cigarettes, chewing loose leaf, snus, and the e-cigarette TV advertising ratings.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Moist snuff price	−1.049	−1.370 **	−1.587 **	−1.574 ***	−1.572 ***
(in log)	(0.699)	(0.666)	(0.716)	(0.564)	(0.564)
Disposable e-cigarette price		0.329 **	0.290 *	0.304 **	0.305 **
(in log)		(0.156)	(0.152)	(0.116)	(0.117)
Cigarette price			0.697	1.328 ***	1.328 ***
(in log)			(0.568)	(0.486)	(0.486)
Chewing loose leaf price				−0.243	−0.243
(in log)				(0.306)	(0.306)
Snus price				−1.435 ***	−1.433 ***
(in log)				(0.311)	(0.312)
E-cigarette TV rating					0.003
(in log)					(0.002)
Observations	2571	2195	2195	2168	2168
R-squared	0.963	0.965	0.966	0.968	0.968

Note: The outcome is per capita moist snuff sales volume measured by ounce. Fixed effects of store type, market, year, and quarter were included in each model. Standard errors were clustered at the level of store type by market level. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1.