Table 4.
Estimated associations between per capita sales of snus and prices of snus, disposable e-cigarettes, cigarettes, chewing loose leaf, moist snuff, and the e-cigarette TV advertising ratings.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snus price | −1.971 *** | −2.111 *** | −2.174 *** | −2.177 *** | −2.174 *** |
| (in log) | (0.356) | (0.364) | (0.339) | (0.369) | (0.370) |
| Disposable e-cigarette price | 0.587 ** | 0.555 *** | 0.615 *** | 0.617 *** | |
| (in log) | (0.238) | (0.206) | (0.202) | (0.202) | |
| Cigarette price | 0.431 | 0.751 | 0.751 | ||
| (in log) | (0.931) | (0.835) | (0.835) | ||
| Chewing loose leaf price | −0.108 | −0.109 | |||
| (in log) | (0.487) | (0.487) | |||
| Moist snuff price | −0.496 | −0.494 | |||
| (in log) | (0.891) | (0.893) | |||
| E-cigarette TV rating | 0.006 | ||||
| (in log) | (0.003) | ||||
| Observations | 2569 | 2192 | 2192 | 2168 | 2168 |
| R-squared | 0.951 | 0.953 | 0.953 | 0.949 | 0.949 |
Note: The outcome is per capita snus sales volume measured by ounce. Fixed effects of store type, market, year, and quarter were included in each model. Standard errors were clustered at the level of store type by market level. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05.