Table 1.
EDCs and reproductive disorders.
| Chemicals | Acronym | Exposure | Actions | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISPHENOL A | BPA | Plasticizer in food chain (plastics in contact with food), dental sealant, plastic additive | Influence on estrous cycle, affects oocyte maturation, lower serum Estradiol, affect the hypothalamic system, affects morphology and function of oviduct, affect the oocyte and granulosa cells, lower ovarian weight | Tran et al. 2018; Yuang et al. 2019; Muller et al. 2018; Berger et al. 2010; Xiao et al. 2011; Xiaoyan pan et al. 2015; Borman et al. 2015; Crawford et al. 2012; Berger et al. 2008; Jong-Choon et al. 201 |
| DIBUTYL-PHTALATE | DMP | Plasticizer in polyvinyl, resin solvent, printing inks, paper coating, adhesives, safety glass, cosmetics | decrease in body weight, increase in kidney and liver weight, reduced Hb, RBC and PLT, reduction in T3 and T4 levels, agonists of PXR, effects on steroid hormone biosynthesis | Ema et al. 2000 |
| MONOBUTYL-PHTALATE | MBP | Plasticizer for nitrocellulose, polyvinyl chloride, lubricant for aerosol valves, skin emollient, hair spray | decrease in body weight, increase in kidney and liver weight, reduced Hb, RBC and PLT, reduction in T3 and T4 levels, agonists of PXR, effects on steroid hormone biosynthesis | Ema et al. 2001 |
| BIS (2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTALATE | DEHP | Plasticizer in food chain (plastics in contact with food), deodorants, adhesives, hair spray | decrease in body weight, increase in kidney and liver weight, reduced Hb, RBC and PLT, reduction in T3 and T4 levels, agonists of PXR, effects on steroid hormone biosynthesis | Li et al. 2012 |
| OP (4-TERT-OCTYLPHENOL) | OP | Detergents, Sanitizers, Defoaming Agents, Agrochemical Emulsifiers, Adhesive, Plastic Industry, Cosmetic and Pharmaceuticals | anemia, leukocytosis, increase in serum cortisol an plasma glucose, uterine calcium transient transport channel antagonist, PR agonist | Tran et al. 2018; Qu et al. 2017 |
| Chemicals | Acronym | Exposure | Actions | Authors |
| PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL | PCB 118 | flame retardants, coolants, heat transfer agent | stillbirth, abortion, pregnancy complications, gynecological disease, effects on the development of pinopodes | Qu et al. 2017 |
| ENDOSULFAN | / | food chain, pesticides | deregulation of ERα, PR, α-SMA, tonic-clonic convulsions, headache, dizziness, ataxia, metabolic disturbances | Milesi et al. 2015; Milesi et al. 2017; Pawar et al. 2015 |
| MANCOZEB | / | agricultural fungicide, (field crops, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and ornamentals) | contact dermatitis, thyroid hyperplasia, neurotoxicity, suppresion of PGES uterine expression | Aktjar et al. 2020 |
| CYPERMETHRIN | CYP | insecticide | decrease leveld of estradiol, progesteron, LH, FSH, inhibits expression of PRA in the glandular epithelial cells | Zhou et al. 2017 |
| TRICLOCARBAN | TCC | antimicrobial agent in soap bars, body washes, plastics, cosmetics | estrogen agonist-Erα, decrease level of FSHR/LH receptors | Costa et al. 2019 |
| BENZO-A-PYRENE | BaP | cigarette smoke, petroleum products, cahrbroiled foods, contaminated water | estrogen agonist-ERα | Zhao et al. 2014 |