Table 3.

Factors influencing clinical reasoning competence (N = 206).

Variables	β	S.E.	t	p	95% CI
					Lower	Upper
Characteristics
Gender (Male) a	2.736	1.613	1.697	0.091	−0.446	5.918
Age b (years)
≤21	3.930	1.570	2.504	0.013 *	0.834	7.027
22–23	2.289	1.470	1.557	0.121	−0.612	5.189
Satisfaction with nursing major c
Moderate	−0.264	1.028	−0.257	0.797	−2.292	1.763
Dissatisfied	2.040	1.251	1.631	0.105	−0.428	4.508
Grade point average (GPA) d
3.0–3.9	1.540	1.424	1.081	0.281	−1.270	4.350
≥4.0	0.141	1.764	0.080	0.937	−3.339	3.620
Problem-solving ability
Problem clarification	0.597	0.200	0.2991	0.003 **	0.203	0.991
Causal analysis	0.253	0.135	1.870	0.063	−0.014	0.519
Alternative solution development	−0.351	0.138	−2.540	0.012 *	−0.624	−0.078
Planning/implementation	0.247	0.107	2.317	0.022 *	0.037	0.457
Performance assessment	0.159	0.110	1.448	0.149	−0.058	0.375
Academic self-efficacy
Task difficulty	0.045	0.062	0.729	0.467	−0.077	0.167
Self-regulated efficacy	0.162	0.078	2.081	0.039 *	0.008	0.316
Confidence	−0.002	0.067	−0.023	0.982	−0.133	0.130
Clinical practicum stress
Instructor and healthcare team	−0.169	0.123	−1.368	0.173	−0.412	0.075
Client	0.026	0.079	0.327	0.744	−0.130	0.181
Clinical environment	0.035	0.137	0.256	0.798	−0.235	0.306
Student	−0.286	0.181	−1.574	0.117	−0.644	0.072
R = 0.526, R2 = 0.277, Adjusted R2 = 0.203
F = 3.744, p < 0.001
Durbin–Watson = 2.017

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, dummy code reference (^a: Female, ^b: ≥24, ^c: Satisfied, ^d: 2.0–2.9).