Table 1.

LEED-ND Metrics for Healthy Neighborhoods [45,50] and the corresponding measures in the scoped articles.

Area	LEED-ND Metrics	Metrics in the Scoped Articles
SLL Smart Location and Linkages	Smart Location (access to public transportation and walkability). -At least 35 intersections per km2. -At least 50% of units in ¼ mile walking distance of transit. -Minimum 60 weekday by transit service. Access to quality transit (provide transportation choices and reducing motor vehicle use). -Within a 1/4-mile walking distance of at least one bus or streetcar stop, or within a 1/2-mile walking distance of at least one bus rapid transit stop, light or heavy rail station, commuter rail station. -Measures for minimum daily transit service for projects with multiple transit types. Bicycle Network (to promote bicycling). -Within 1/4-mile bicycling distance of an existing bicycle network, that connects to mixed use destinations. -At least 3 continuous miles. Housing and Job Proximity (providing opportunities for shorter vehicle trips and/or use of alternate modes of transportation). -Within a 1/2-mile walking distance of existing full-time equivalent job.	Smart Location -Gamma index as a measure of connectivity [77,78]; Intersection density [61,79] Bicycle Network -Presence of bike paths in public parks [61,79]
NPD Neighborhood Pattern and Design	Compact Development (promote livability, transportation efficiency, and walkability). -12 or more dwelling buildable land units per acre. Connected and Open Community (to improve public health by encouraging daily physical activity). -At least 90–140 intersections per mi2. Diversity of Uses (promote community livability, transportation efficiency, and walkability). -At least 4–7 diverse uses within 1/4 mile. Diversity of Housing Types (integrating a wide range of economic levels and age groups to live within a community). -Simpson Diversity Index score greater than 0.5. Affordable Rental and For-Sale Housing. -Proportion of rental and/or for-sale dwelling units priced for households earning less than the area median income (AMI). Reduced Parking Footprint (to increase the pedestrian orientation and to minimize the adverse environmental effects). -No more than 20% of the total neighborhood footprint area for all new off-street surface parking facilities. Walkable Streets (promote public health through increased physical activity). -Continuous sidewalks or equivalent provisions for walking. -Percentage length with speed for safe pedestrian and bicycle travel. -Criteria for façades and entries of buildings in circulation network. Tree-Lined and Shaded Streetscapes (to encourage walking and bicycling). -Provide trees at intervals of no more than 50 feet along at least 60% of the neighborhood total existing blocks. Street Network (increase connectivity, promote multimodal transportation, and promote public health through increased physical activity). -Pedestrian or bicycle through-connections for 50% cul-de-sacs. -Street network grid density within ¼ mile radius. Access to civic and Public Spaces (to provide a variety of open spaces close to work and home to encourage walking, physical activity, and time spent outdoors). -Within a 1/4-mile walk of at least one civic and passive use space. Access to Recreation Facilities. -Access and proximity to publicly accessible indoor recreational facility within ½ mile walking. Local Food Production (promote community-based and local food production and increasing direct access to foods). -Proximity to farmer’s market. -Criteria for minimum neighborhood garden space. -Community supported agriculture within 150 miles.	Compact Development -Number of housing units per square mile [53] Connected and Open Community -Intersection density [61,79] Diversity of Uses -Presence of mixed-use on street segment [53]; total businesses within a one-mile pedestrian network distance [78] Diversity of Housing Types -Mixed housing [53]; percentage of total housing units that are not single-family dwellings [78,80] Walkable Streets -Walkability scale [81]; Buffer-level walkability [68]; per grid unit [82]; walkability score [74] Tree-Lined and Shaded Streetscapes -Presence of tree shade [53] Street Network -Street network characteristics [61]; street connectivity [78] Access to civic and Public Spaces -Percentage of land area comprised of both total green and open spaces for recreation and Park density [61]; Access within an 800 m buffer [82] Access to Recreation Facilities -Number recreational lefts within a buffer [79,80] Local Food Production -Produce density [83]; Retail Food Environment Index [78,80]