Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by unmet healthcare needs.
| Variables | n (%) | Unmet Healthcare Needs | χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 4151) |
No (n = 38,547) |
||||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Age | |||||
| 65~74 | 21,135(49.5) | 1715(41.3) | 19,420(50.4) | 154.64 | <0.001 |
| 75~84 | 17,618(41.5) | 1896(45.7) | 15,722(40.8) | ||
| ≥85 | 3945(9.2) | 540(13.0) | 3405(8.8) | ||
| Residential area | |||||
| Metropolitan | 13,846(32.4) | 1025(24.7) | 12,821(33.3) | 127.12 | <0.001 |
| Urban | 8786(20.6) | 981(23.6) | 7805(20.2) | ||
| Rural | 20,066(47.0) | 2145(51.7) | 17,921(46.5) | ||
| Living arrangement | |||||
| Living alone | 15,748(36.9) | 1881(45.3) | 13,867(36.0) | 140.43 | <0.001 |
| Living with others | 26,950(63.1) | 2270(54.7) | 24,680(64.0) | ||
| Family income (monthly) (US dollars) | |||||
| <2000 | 30,062(70.4) | 3148(75.8) | 26,914(69.8) | 128.83 | <0.001 |
| 2000–4000 | 4512(10.6) | 284(6.8) | 4228(11.0) | ||
| 4001–6000 | 1646(3.9) | 76(1.8) | 1570(4.1) | ||
| >6000 | 6478(15.2) | 643(15.5) | 5835(15.1) | ||
| Education (n = 42,641) | |||||
| ≤Elementary school | 32,810(76.9) | 3554(85.7) | 29,256(76.0) | 208.69 | <0.001 |
| High school | 8590(20.2) | 547(13.2) | 8043(20.9) | ||
| ≥College | 1241(2.9) | 45(1.1) | 1196(3.1) | ||
| Basic livelihood subsidy (n = 42,656) | |||||
| Yes | 2947(6.9) | 523(12.6) | 2424(6.3) | 234.15 | <0.001 |
| No | 39,709(93.1) | 3614(87.4) | 36,095(93.7) | ||
| Activities of daily living (n = 42,696) | |||||
| Easy | 26,377(61.8) | 1679(40.5) | 24,698(64.1) | 1075.2 | <0.001 |
| A little difficult | 14,975(35.1) | 2124(51.2) | 12,851(33.3) | ||
| Difficult | 1344(3.1) | 347(8.4) | 997(2.6) | ||
| Diagnosed with hypertension (n = 42,675) | |||||
| Yes | 25,707(60.3) | 2534(61.1) | 23,173(60.1) | 1.34 | 0.249 |
| No/ | 16,968(39.7) | 1615(38.9) | 15,353(39.9) | ||
| Diagnosed with diabetes (n = 42,670) | |||||
| Yes | 8878(20.8) | 858(20.7) | 8020(20.8) | 0.04 | 0.855 |
| No | 33,792(79.2) | 3289(79.3) | 30,503(79.2) | ||
| Subjective health (n = 42,685) | |||||
| Good | 7287(17.1) | 354(8.5) | 6933(18.0) | 749.86 | <0.001 |
| Fair | 15,971(37.4) | 1084(26.1) | 14,887(38.6) | ||
| Poor | 19,427(45.5) | 2711(65.3) | 16,716(43.4) | ||