Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants examined and bivariate analyses between STAI-S score and socioeconomic and demographic factors, pregnancy-related factors, health-related concerns and health information-related factors.
| n | 353 | STAI-S Score | p a |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAI-S score (0–60) [mean (SD)] | 24.6 (10.4) | ||
| Positive COVID-19 test (%) | 0.563 # | ||
| Yes | 2.5 | 25.6 (6.8) | |
| No | 97.5 | 24.5 (10.4) | |
| Age [mean (SD)] | 35.9 (7.0) | 0.654 (−0.02) x | |
| Socioeconomic and demographic variables | |||
| Country of origin (%) | 0.780 # | ||
| Spain | 90.7 | 24.6 (10.4) | |
| Other | 9.3 | 24.4 (10.0) | |
| Area of residence (%) | 0.099 # | ||
| Urban area | 94.0 | 24.8 (10.4) | |
| Rural area | 6.0 | 20.9 (9.6) | |
| Level of education (%) | 0.129 * | ||
| Basic level of studies | 3.0 | 26.1 (7.0) | |
| Medium level of studies | 13.0 | 27.0 (10.5) | |
| High level of studies | 84.0 | 24.1 (10.4) | |
| Marital status | 0.027 * | ||
| Married | 66.6 | 25.1 (10.3) | |
| Single | 22.1 | 24.6 (10.0) | |
| Unmarried partner | 7.4 | 23.3 (11.7) | |
| Separated/divorced | 3.9 | 16.6 (6.6) | |
| Employment status (%) | 0.771 * | ||
| Self-employment | 9.6 | 24.4 (9.8) | |
| Employment | 83.0 | 24.4 (10.5) | |
| Unemployment | 5.1 | 25.5 (9.6) | |
| Homemaker | 2.3 | 27.8 (10.3) | |
| To have lost one’s job b (%) | 0.156 # | ||
| Yes | 5.1 | 28.3 (10.9) | |
| No | 94.9 | 24.3 (10.3) | |
| Reduced working hours b (%) | 0.005 # | ||
| Yes | 20.4 | 27.8 (10.9) | |
| No | 79.6 | 23.7 (10.1) | |
| Reduced income b (%) | 0.025 # | ||
| Yes | 30.9 | 26.4 (10.8) | |
| No | 69.1 | 23.7 (10.1) | |
| Number of previous children [mean (SD)] | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.109 (0.08) x | |
| Pregnancy-related factors | |||
| Primiparous women (%) | 0.119 # | ||
| Yes | 23.2 | 25.9 (10.2) | |
| No | 76.8 | 24.1 (10.4) | |
| Trimester of pregnancy (%) | 0.716 * | ||
| First | 19.2 | 25.1 (10.6) | |
| Second | 38.4 | 24.1 (10.8) | |
| Third | 42.4 | 24.7 (9.9) | |
| Week of pregnancy [mean (SD)] | 24.9 (9.3) | 0.462 (−0.03) x | |
| Health-related concerns | |||
| Level of concern about: (1–5) [mean (SD)] | |||
| COVID-19 symptoms and complications | 4.1 (1.0) | <0.001 (0.28) x | |
| Contagion and consequences on the baby | 4.5 (0.9) | 0.001 (0.18) x | |
| Restrictive measures and isolation | 3.3 (1.1) | 0.001 (0.18) x | |
| Delivery | 4.2 (1.0) | <0.001 (0.24) x | |
| Postpartum and breastfeeding | 4.0 (1.0) | <0.001 (0.22) x | |
| Health information-related factors | |||
| Degree of information you have about: (1–5) [mean (SD)] | |||
| COVID-19 symptoms and complications | 2.6 (1.2) | 0.001 (−0.16) x | |
| Contagion and consequences on the baby | 2.5 (1.3) | 0.001 (−0.17) x | |
| Restrictive measures and isolation | 3.3 (1.3) | 0.006 (−0.14) x | |
| Delivery | 2.4 (1.3) | 0.007 (−0.14) x | |
| Postpartum and breastfeeding | 2.2 (1.3) | <0.001 (−0.18) x | |
| Have obtained information about COVID-19 during pregnancy from: (%) | |||
| Health professionals | 36.0 | 24.9 (9.7) | 0.615 |
| Hospital obstetric newsletter | 19.5 | 24.4 (10.4) | 0.778 # |
| Hospital obstetric web page | 15.6 | 23.2 (9.5) | 0.409 # |
| Official sources of health information | 25.2 | 23.6 (10.1) | 0.524 # |
| Internet | 72.8 | 25.0 (10.2) | 0.113 # |
| Social networks | 31.4 | 26.0 (9.9) | 0.064 # |
| Family and friends | 19.5 | 25.1 (10.2) | 0.582 # |
| Tv | 0.014 # | ||
| Yes | 23.5 | 26.8 (9.8) | |
| No | 76.5 | 23.8 (10.4) | |
| Health professional who has provided the most information: (%) | 0.204 * | ||
| Gynecologist | 45.9 | 24.7 (10.4) | |
| Midwife | 20.1 | 22.1 (9.5) | |
| Nurse | 4.0 | 23.7 (9.1) | |
| Other | 13.0 | 26.2 (9.9) | |
| Satisfaction with information provided by health professionals (1–5) [mean (SD)] | 2.9 (1.2) | <0.001 (−0.18) x | |
| Satisfaction with empathy showed by professionals when informed (1–5) [mean (SD)] | 3.6 (1.2) | <0.001 (−0.23) x |
p a value for comparing variables studied and STAI-S score. x Spearman correlation test, p (correlation coefficient). # U-Mann-Withney test. * Kruskal-Wallis test. b Due COVID-19. Bold: p ≤ 0.05