Table 2.
National Annual Costs of diseases involving eye structures, their attribution to climate change, expected evolution and mitigation costs.
| Pathology | National Annual Costs (€M or €B) | Attribution to Climate Change | Attributable Increase to Extreme Events (%) | Estimated Increase | Investment for Mitigation (€B) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retinal Detachment | €16.47–66.9 M | Heatwaves | 147 | Doubling in 30 years | |
| AMD | €5.81 B | UVR Summer sun |
114 | 2% × Δ °C−1 | |
| Glaucoma | €1.99 B | UVR PM2.5 |
11 Undetermined |
Five-year tripling −0.59% year−1 |
|
| Cataracts | € 473 M | UVR | 10–150 | Δ4.8% year−1 | |
| Herpes zoster | €18–55 M | UVR | 14 | 2% × Δ °C−1 | |
| Herpes simplex | €235.83–274.46 M | UVR | 33 | 2% × Δ °C−1; Δ4.4%year−1 | |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | €1.12 B | Pollution | 31 | 0.8% year−1 (1) | |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | €10.236 B | PM2.5 | 60 (outbreaks) | −0.59% year−1 in Spain; −0.17% year−1 in Andalucía (2) |
|
| Multiple Sclerosis | €1.4 B | PM10 + cold Ozone + heat |
8 (outbreaks) 16 (outbreaks) |
−1.05% year−1 in Spain −0.57% year−1 in Andalucía 0.47% Year−1 according to WHO criteria (3). |
|
| Inflammatory Bowel diseases | €391–844 M | Heatwaves | 4.6 (outbreaks) | Doubling in 78 years | |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | €153.5–254.2 M | Sun exposition | 100 (outbreaks) 790 (sunburns) |
2% × Δ °C−1 | |
| Sarcoidosis | €784 M | PM10
PM2.5 Dryness (Δ1% decade−1) Rising temperatures (0.13–0.4 °C decade−1) |
82 Undetermined Undetermined Undetermined |
−1.05% year−1
−0.59% year−1 |
|
| Total Amount | €22.63–23.31 B | 36.46 (€8.37 B) | 13.15 (4) | ||
| % burden with respect National GDP (€1194 B) | 1.9–1.95 | 0.75 | 1.1 | ||
| Benefits of changing energy model | 16.5–25.7 | ||||
| % saving of National GDP (€1194 B) | 1.47–2.29 |
Own elaboration.