Table 6.
Associations between urinary phthalate metabolite summary measures and metabolic syndrome among men by race, NHANES (2005–2014).
| Phthalate Metabolites | White (n = 2503) | Black (n = 1211) | Mexican/Hispanic (n = 1346) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Multivariable a OR (95% CI) | n | Multivariable a OR (95% CI) | n | Multivariable a OR (95% CI) | |
| ∑ LMW | ||||||
| Q1 | 746 | 1.00 | 166 | 1.00 | 214 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 704 | 0.81 (0.53, 1.22) | 275 | 0.48 (0.26, 0.87) | 340 | 0.77 (0.39, 1.52) |
| Q3 | 573 | 0.79 (0.51, 1.21) | 353 | 0.46 (0.26, 0.81) | 377 | 1.10 (0.54, 2.25) |
| Q4 | 480 | 0.93 (0.60, 1.44) | 417 | 0.42 (0.24, 0.75) | 415 | 0.90 (0.47, 1.73) |
| p for trend | 0.70 | 0.02 | 0.90 | |||
| ∑ HMW | ||||||
| Q1 | 559 | 1.00 | 226 | 1.00 | 271 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 633 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) | 324 | 1.36 (0.75, 2.46) | 363 | 0.90 (0.51, 1.58) |
| Q3 | 652 | 1.04 (0.72, 1.50) | 326 | 1.41 (0.76, 2.63) | 337 | 1.04 (0.54, 2.00) |
| Q4 | 659 | 1.11 (0.72, 1.71) | 335 | 1.18 (0.62, 2.23) | 375 | 1.15 (0.60, 2.18) |
| p for trend | 0.26 | 0.70 | 0.50 | |||
| ∑ DEHP | ||||||
| Q1 | 575 | 1.00 | 247 | 1.00 | 246 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 621 | 1.22 (0.84, 1.77) | 317 | 1.33 (0.78, 2.28) | 360 | 0.99 (0.57, 1.73) |
| Q3 | 651 | 1.11 (0.78, 1.59) | 323 | 1.01 (0.59, 1.72) | 361 | 1.12 (0.59, 2.14) |
| Q4 | 656 | 1.54 (1.01, 2.35) | 324 | 1.49 (0.91, 2.43) | 379 | 1.40 (0.75, 2.64) |
| p for trend | 0.06 | 0.32 | 0.21 | |||
a Adjusted for age, urinary creatinine, total caloric intake, education, smoking status, fasting status, and poverty level. ∑ LMW: MEP, MnBP, and MiBP. ∑ HMW: MCNP, MCOP, MCPP, MBzP, and DEHP (MEHP, MECPP, MEHHP, and MEOHP). ∑ DEHP: MEHP, MECPP, MEHHP, and MEOHP. Quartile values (ng/mL): ∑ LMW: Q1 = 0.7–48.3, Q2 = 48.3–116.8, Q3 = 116.8–298.5, Q4 = 298.6–31,764.6; ∑ HMW: Q1 = 1.6–40.6, Q2 = 40.6–83.4, Q3 = 83.4–168.8, Q4 = 169.0–32,066.2; ∑ DEHP: Q1 = 0.6–20.6, Q2 = 20.7–44.3, Q3 = 44.3–94.6, Q4 = 94.7–32,041.5.