Table 7.
Associations between urinary phthalate metabolite summary measures and metabolic syndrome among women by race, NHANES (2005–2014).
| Phthalate Metabolites | White (n = 2367) | Black (n = 1200) | Mexican/Hispanic (n = 1390) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Multivariable a
OR (95% CI) |
n | Multivariable a
OR (95% CI) |
n | Multivariable a
OR (95% CI) |
|
| ∑ LMW | ||||||
| Q1 | 839 | 1.00 | 141 | 1.00 | 242 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 595 | 1.10 (0.83, 1.47) | 244 | 0.97 (0.44, 2.14) | 339 | 1.17 (0.70, 1.93) |
| Q3 | 522 | 0.96 (0.64, 1.45) | 379 | 0.97 (0.49, 1.92) | 369 | 1.28 (0.77, 2.15) |
| Q4 | 411 | 0.84 (0.58, 1.21) | 436 | 0.63 (0.30, 1.34) | 440 | 0.85 (0.48, 1.50) |
| p for trend | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.54 | |||
| ∑ HMW | ||||||
| Q1 | 766 | 1.00 | 236 | 1.00 | 355 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 540 | 1.11 (0.81, 1.51) | 279 | 1.39 (0.85, 2.26) | 346 | 1.71 (1.04, 2.79) |
| Q3 | 549 | 1.46 (1.05, 2.02) | 316 | 0.84 (0.42, 1.71) | 374 | 1.24 (0.64, 2.39) |
| Q4 | 512 | 1.15 (0.83, 1.57) | 369 | 0.85 (0.46, 1.59) | 315 | 1.12 (0.62, 2.03) |
| p for trend | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.95 | |||
| ∑ DEHP | ||||||
| Q1 | 782 | 1.00 | 242 | 1.00 | 288 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 558 | 0.90 (0.69, 1.16) | 265 | 1.38 (0.76, 2.50) | 363 | 1.17 (0.70, 1.99) |
| Q3 | 514 | 1.14 (0.80, 1.63) | 318 | 0.68 (0.37, 1.23) | 396 | 1.24 (0.61, 2.53) |
| Q4 | 513 | 0.93 (0.62, 1.41) | 375 | 0.79 (0.43, 1.47) | 343 | 0.94 (0.49, 1.78) |
| p for trend | 0.99 | 0.14 | 0.87 | |||
a Adjusted for age, urinary creatinine, total caloric intake, education, smoking status, fasting status, and poverty level. ∑ LMW: MEP, MnBP, and MiBP. ∑ HMW: MCNP, MCOP, MCPP, MBzP, and DEHP (MEHP, MECPP, MEHHP, and MEOHP). ∑ DEHP: MEHP, MECPP, MEHHP, and MEOHP. Quartile values (ng/mL): ∑ LMW: Q1 = 0.7–48.3, Q2 = 48.3–116.8, Q3 = 116.8–298.5, Q4 = 298.6–31,764.6; ∑ HMW: Q1 = 1.6–40.6, Q2 = 40.6–83.4, Q3 = 83.4–168.8, Q4 = 169.0–32,066.2; ∑ DEHP: Q1 = 0.6–20.6, Q2 = 20.7–44.3, Q3 = 44.3–94.6, Q4 = 94.7–32,041.5.