Table 4.
Odds Ratios of Candidate Predictors for Reinfection Cases
| Univariable Model | Multivariable Modela | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Cases (n = 21), No. (%) |
Controls (n = 42), No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Age group | ||||||
| <60 y | 15 (71.4) | 35 (83.3) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| ≥60 y | 6 (28.6) | 7 (16.7) | 1.98 (.58–6.72) | .269 | … | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 5 (23.8) | 19 (45.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Male | 16 (76.2) | 23 (54.8) | 2.49 (.83–8.34) | .105 | 2.48 (.82–8.39) | .109 |
| Ethnic group | ||||||
| Malay | 5 (23.8) | 7 (16.7) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| Non-Malay | 16 (76.2) | 35 (83.3) | 0.63 (.18–2.30) | .477 | … | |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| No | 11 (52.4) | 30 (71.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 10 (47.6) | 12 (28.6) | 2.23 (.77–6.56) | .140 | 2.22 (.76–6.68) | .146 |
| HIV infection | ||||||
| No | 18 (85.7) | 37 (88.1) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| Yes | 3 (14.3) | 5 (11.9) | 1.29 (.27–5.42) | .733 | … | |
| TB site | ||||||
| PTB | 15 (71.4) | 36 (85.7) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| PTB with extrapulmonary TB | 5 (23.8) | 4 (9.5) | 2.88 (.72–12.12) | .133 | … | |
| Extrapulmonary TB | 1 (4.8) | 2 (4.8) | 1.41 (.12–11.53) | .751 | … | |
| Cavitation present in baseline CXR | ||||||
| No | 15 (71.4) | 26 (61.9) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| Yes | 6 (28.6) | 16 (38.1) | 0.67 (.21–1.98) | .478 | … | |
| Sputum AFB smear | ||||||
| Negative | 9 (42.9) | 16 (38.1) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| Positive | 12 (57.1) | 25 (59.5) | 0.85 (.30–2.46) | .763 | … | |
| Not done | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 0.58 (.00–12.02) | .736 | … | |
| Sputum culture conversion at 2 mo of treatment | ||||||
| No | 1 (4.8) | 1 (2.4) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| Yes | 12 (57.1) | 25 (59.5) | 0.49 (.04–6.50) | .557 | … | |
| Unknown | 8 (38.1) | 16 (38.1) | 0.52 (.04–7.08) | .592 | … | |
| Treatment delivery mode | ||||||
| SAT | 7 (33.3) | 19 (45.2) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| DOT | 14 (66.7) | 23 (54.8) | 1.60 (.56–4.84) | .381 | … | |
| Extension of continuation phase of treatment | ||||||
| No | 16 (76.2) | 32 (76.2) | 1.00 (reference) | … | ||
| Yes | 4 (19.0) | 6 (14.3) | 1.36 (.34–5.18) | .652 | … | |
| Unknown | 1 (4.8) | 4 (9.5) | 0.66 (.06–3.94) | .663 | … | |
Abbreviations: AFB, acid-fast bacilli; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CXR, chest radiograph; DOT, directly observed therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; SAT, self-administered therapy; TB, tuberculosis.
aAdjusted for gender and diabetes.