Table 1. Optimization of the Reaction Conditionsa.
change in reaction conditions | yieldb |
---|---|
none | 75% |
Mn instead of Zn | n.o. |
TDAE instead of Zn | n.o. |
toluene instead of DMF | 20% |
no catalyst | n.o. |
NiBr2 + phen instead of PdCl2(amphos)2 | n.o. |
PdCl2 instead of PdCl2(amphos)2 | <5% |
PdCl2(dppf) instead of PdCl2(amphos)2 | 20% |
10 mol % PdCl2 + 30 mol % L2 instead of PdCl2(amphos)2 | 5% |
no pyridine | 66% |
Reactions were carried out on a 0.1 mmol scale.
Yields were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy with mesitylene as the internal standard. TDAE = tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene. n.o. = not observed.