Table 3. Shows hazard ratios for risk factors in non-survivor group using (A) univariate and (B) multivariate.
Cox regression analysis. A. shows hazard ratios for risk factors in non-survivor group using univariate Cox regression analysis. B. A forward stepwise multivariate cox regression analysis model to examine the association between the different statistically significant variables in the univariate analysis (Table 3A, p < 0.05) and mortality in dialysis patients infected with COVID-19.
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | |||
| Age | 1.077 | 1.018–1.139 | 0.010 |
| Gender | 3.112 | 0.389–24.3 | 0.279 |
| Ethnic group | 0.646 | 0.296–1.1412 | 0.273 |
| Diabetes | 0.503 | 0.153–1.651 | 0.257 |
| Hypertension | 21.081 | 0.142–84.742 | 0.733 |
| IHD | 2.485 | 0.750–8.109 | 0.137 |
| CHF | 8.974 | 1.039–77.508 | 0.046 |
| COPD | 8.974 | 1.039–77.508 | 0.046 |
| H/o DVT | 5.762 | 1.227–27.057 | 0.026 |
| AF | 7.285 | 2.029–26.150 | 0.002 |
| Flu vaccine | 5.336 | 0.682–41.720 | 0.111 |
| Dialysis modality | 1.250 | 0.158–9.895 | 0.833 |
| Dialysis Access | 0.719 | 0.337–1.536 | 0.395 |
| ACEi use | 1.517 | 0.356–7.051 | 0.595 |
| Hypoxia | 16.666 | 3.574–77.715 | <0.001 |
| X RAY findings | 4.234 | 0.820–21853 | 0.085 |
| ICU admission | 30.823 | 3.93–241.211 | 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 50.074 | 6.408–391.294 | <0.001 |
| Using Inotropes | 19.178 | 11.57–718.503 | <0.001 |
| WBC | 0.887 | 0.702–1.120 | 0.312 |
| WBC peak | 1.079 | 1.032–1.127 | 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes | 0.341 | 0.008–1.318 | 0.119 |
| Lymphocytes peak | 0.371 | 0.130–1.071 | 0.067 |
| HB | 0.973 | 0.675–1.402 | 0.882 |
| Platelets | 0.997 | 0.989–1.005 | 0.465 |
| Ferritin | 1.000 | 1.000–1.000 | 0.053 |
| Ferritin peak | 1.000 | 1.000–1.000 | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen | 1.019 | 0.957–1.085 | 0.561 |
| Fibrinogen 7 days | 1.283 | 1.065–1.545 | 0.009 |
| CRP base | 1.005 | 0.999–1.011 | 0.114 |
| CRP peak | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.020 |
| CK base | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.001 |
| CK after 7 days | 1.010 | 1.004–1.017 | 0.001 |
| LDH base | 1.002 | 1.001–1.004 | <0.001 |
| LDH after 7 days | 1.003 | 1.001–1.006 | 0.002 |
| D-Dimer base | 1.404 | 1.209–1.631 | <0.001 |
| D-Dimer 7 days | 1.891 | 1.424–2.512 | <0.001 |
| IL-6 base | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.037 |
| IL-6 peak | 1.000 | 1.000–1.000 | 0.013 |
| Albumin base | 0.962 | 0.916–1.010 | 0.117 |
| Albumin 7 days | 1.004 | 0.955–1.057 | 0.866 |
| ALT base | 1.014 | 1.002–1.026 | 0.026 |
| ALT after 7 days | 1.002 | 1.001–1.003 | 0.002 |
| AST base | 1.014 | 1.006–1.021 | >0.001 |
| AST after 7 days | 1.001 | 1.000–1.000 | 0.002 |
| Lactate base | 1.867 | 1.269–2.748 | 0.002 |
| Lactate 7 days | 0.897 | 0.674–1.094 | 0.455 |
| B | |||
| Age | 1.02 | (0.95, 1.09) | 0.62 |
| H/o DVT | 1.93 | (0.14, 25.87) | 0.62 |
| AF | 2.15 | (0.26, 17.67) | 0.48 |
| ICU Admission | 32.75 | (3.51, 305.35) | 0.002 |
COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SOB, shortness of breath; WBC, white blood cells; HB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelets; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio; CRP, c-reactive protein; CPK, Creatine phosphokinase; CK, creatine kinase; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; IL, interleukin; O2, oxygen.