Table 3.

Cox proportional hazards model results for the association between vascular function variables and incident VTE, excluding prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline.

Arterial Stiffness Measure (per SD^*)	No. of events/No. of participants	Model 1: Age/sex-adjusted		Model 2: Multivariable-adjusted^**
Arterial Stiffness Measure (per SD^*)	No. of events/No. of participants	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
CFPWV^***	157/7577	1.31 (1.02–1.69)	0.03	1.29 (0.97–1.72)	0.08
CPP	157/7577	0.91 (0.77–1.08)	0.28	0.87 (0.71–1.07)	0.19
FMD	119/6156	0.76 (0.59–0.99)	0.04	0.79 (0.60–1.04)	0.09
Hyperemic velocity	119/6156	0.85 (0.69–1.05)	0.12	0.84 (0.66–1.05)	0.12
Ln PAT ratio	67/4515	0.93 (0.72–1.19)	0.54	0.93 (0.72–1.21)	0.59

Abbreviations: CFPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; CI, confidence interval; CPP, central pulse pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HR, hazard ratio; Ln, natural logarithm; PAT, peripheral arterial tonometry; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VTE, venous thromboembolism

All models are stratified by cohort membership.

1 standard deviation = 35.4 ms/m for transformed-CFPWV, 17.1 mm Hg for CPP, 3.7 for FMD, 20.2 cm/s for hyperemic velocity, 0.40 for ln-PAT ratio.

^**

All models are adjusted heart rate, anti-hypertensive medication use, height, weight, diabetes, current smoking, history of myocardial infarction, history of heart failure, total/HDL cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, and lipid lowering medication use. The models for CFPWV and CPP are additionally adjusted for mean arterial pressure. The model for FMD is additionally adjusted for SBP, DBP, and hyperemic velocity. The model for hyperemic velocity is additionally adjusted for SBP, DBP, and baseline mean flow. The model for PAT ratio is additionally adjusted for SBP and DBP.

^***

CFPWV was transformed by taking the inverse and multiplying by −1000 in order to convert units to ms/m and maintain the original directionality of the variable (higher value represents a stiffer aorta).