Table 2.
The frequency of food items consumed before and during alert level 4 and alert level 3 COVID-19 restrictions among pregnant women with diabetes.
| Food item | No. of servings per day n (%) |
OR (CI 95%) h | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–1x day | 2–3x day | ≥4x day | ||
| Fruit | ||||
| Before | 9 (18) | 23 (66) | 8 (16) | |
| Level 4 | 7 (14) | 35 (70) | 8 (16) | 0.68 (0.32–1.46) p = 0.31 |
| level 3 | 7 (14) | 35 (70) | 8 (16) | |
| Vegetables | ||||
| Before | 4 (8) | 27 (54) | 19 (38) | |
| Level 4 | 2 (4) | 27 (56) | 21 (42) | 0.80 (0.36–1.79) p = 0.58 |
| level 3 | 3 (6) | 28 (56) | 19 (38) | |
| Dairy foods | ||||
| Before | 12 (24) | 34 (68) | 4 (8) | |
| Level 4 | 9 (18) | 34 (68) | 7 (14) | 0.49 (0.22–1.10) p = 0.08 |
| level 3 | 12 (24) | 31 (62) | 7 (14) | |
| Milk alternativesa | ||||
| Before | 42 (84) | 7 (14) | 1(2) | |
| Level 4 | 44 (88) | 5 (10) | 1(2) | 1.78 (0.65–4.87) p = 0.25 |
| level 3 | 44 (88) | 5 (10) | 1(2) | |
| Bread | ||||
| Before | 12 (24) | 25 (50) | 13 (26) | |
| Level 4 | 5 (10) | 29 (58) | 16 (32) | 0.39 (0.18–0.83) p = 0.02 |
| level 3 | 6 (12) | 33 (66) | 11 (22) | |
| Food item | No. of servings per week |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–1x week | 2–3x week | ≥4x week | ||
| Red Meat | ||||
| Before | 13 (26) | 29 (58) | 8 (16) | |
| Level 4 | 14 (28) | 31 (62) | 5 (10) | 1.30 (0.58–2.91) p = 0.52 |
| level 3 | 15 (30) | 30 (60) | 5 (10) | |
| Processed Meat | ||||
| Before | 29 (58) | 14 (28) | 7 (14) | |
| Level 4 | 27 (54) | 15 (30) | 8 (16) | 0.81 (0.36–1.82) p = 0.60 |
| level 3 | 30 (60) | 15 (30) | 5 (10) | |
| Fish fresh/frozenb | ||||
| Before | 36 (72) | 12 (24) | 2 (4) | |
| Level 4 | 41 (82) | 6 (12) | 3 (6) | 0.22 (0.002–25.29) p = 0.53 |
| level 3 | 42 (84) | 6 (12) | 2 (4) | |
| Fish battered | ||||
| Before | 42 (84) | 6 (12) | 2 (4) | |
| Level 4 | 45 (90) | 3 (6) | 2 (4) | 3.11 (1.20–8.05) p = 0.02 |
| level 3 | 40 (88) | 6 (12) | 0 (0) | |
| Legumes/pulses | ||||
| Before | 29 (58) | 15 (30) | 6 (12) | |
| Level 4 | 29 (58) | 12 (24) | 9 (18) | 0.82 (0.35–1.92) p = 0.63 |
| level 3 | 33 (66) | 9 (18) | 8 (16) | |
| Confectionaryc | ||||
| Before | 24 (48) | 15 (30) | 11 (22) | |
| Level 4 | 30 (60) | 8 (16) | 12 (24) | 1.47 (0.69–3.15) p = 0.31 |
| Level 3 | 33 (66) | 11 (22) | 6 (12) | |
| Cakes & biscuitsd | ||||
| Before | 23 (46) | 16 (32) | 11 (22) | |
| Level 4 | 27 (54) | 12 (24) | 11 (22) | 1.36 (0.65–2.81) p = 0.41 |
| Level 3 | 28 (56) | 18 (36) | 4 (8) | |
| Salty snackse | ||||
| Before | 20 (40) | 19 (38) | 11 (22) | |
| Level 4 | 22 (44) | 14 (28) | 14 (28) | 1.08 (0.51–2.28) p = 0.84 |
| Level 3 | 28 (56) | 12 (24) | 10 (20) | |
| Fruit juice | ||||
| Before | 31 (62) | 11 (22) | 8 (16) | |
| Level 4 | 36 (72) | 8 (16) | 6 (12) | 1.51 (0.67–3.38) p = 0.31 |
| Level 3 | 39 (78) | 8 (16) | 3 (6) | |
| Sugar Sweetened Beveragesf | ||||
| Before | 35 (70) | 8 (16) | 7 (14) | |
| Level 4 | 38 (76) | 8 (16) | 4 (8) | 2.02 (0.82–4.96) p = 0.12 |
| Level 3 | 40 (80) | 8 (16) | 2 (4) | |
| Hot chips/friesg | ||||
| Before | 30 (60) | 14 (28) | 6 (12) | |
| Level 3 | 42 (84) | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 6.32 (2.67–14.93) p < 0.0001i |
n = 50.
Milk alternatives include soy, oat, coconut and rice milk.
Fish fresh/frozen includes shellfish.
Confectionary include sweets and chocolate.
Cakes & biscuits include muffins and sweet slices.
Salty snacks include nuts and crisps.
Sugar sweetened beverages, include sugar containing fizzy drinks and energy drinks.
Hot chips or fries from takeaway, fast food, café or restaurant only, includes French fries, wedges or sweet potato chips. No fast food, café or restaurants were open during Alert Level 4 restrictions.
Odds ratio (OR) of lower ordered values (lower frequency of servings) during Alert Level 4 compared to before the restrictions.
Odds ratio (OR) of lower ordered values (lower frequency of servings) during Alert Level 3 compared to before COVID-19 restrictions.