Table 1.
Overview of eight country-based case studies involving six different tools for evaluation of surveillance of antimicrobial use and resistance, 2019.
| Country | Tools | Name of surveillance program | Component(s) covered |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | PMP-AMR and NEOH | Belgian AMR Surveillance Programme (as suggested in the Belgian National Action Plan) | Swine, veal calves, poultry (broilers/laying hens), and humans |
| Denmark | PMP-AMR, ATLASS, ECoSur, NEOH, and SURVTOOLS | Danish Integrated AMR Surveillance Programme (DANMAP)—selected parts | Pigs |
| Canada | ISSEP | Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) | Humans, livestock, and food chain |
| Italy | NEOH, PMP-AMR, and SURVTOOLS | Italian ClassyFarm Surveillance Programme (data from the Piedmont region) | Pigs |
| Norway | PMP-AMR and NEOH | NORM-VET monitoring program for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary and food production sectors (NORM-vet) | Broilers |
| The Netherlands | SURVTOOLS and NEOH | Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Usage in Animals in the Netherlands (MARAN) | Broilers, slaughter pigs, veal calves, and dairy cows |
| United Kingdom | ISSEP | Surveillance of AMU and AMR in the United Kingdom | Humans, livestock, and food chain |
| Vietnam | ECoSur | Surveillance of AMR in Vietnam | Humans, food products, and animals |
ATLASS, the Assessment Tool for Laboratories and AMR Surveillance Systems; ECoSur, Evaluation of Collaboration for Surveillance tool; ISSEP, integrated surveillance system evaluation project; NEOH, Network for Evaluation of One Health; PMP-AMR, The Progressive Management Pathway tool on AMR; AMU, antimicrobial use; AMR, antimicrobial resistance.