Table 3.
Descriptive comparison of baseline characteristics within the urban and rural depression trajectory groups
| Urban (n=3973) |
P | Rural (n=7139) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total urban | Rising group n (%) | Remain low group n (%) | Descending group n (%) | Total rural | Rising group n (%) | Remain low group n (%) | Remain high group n (%) | p | ||
| Multimorbidity | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| No | 2310 (58.14) | 166 (42.35) | 2005 (62.06) | 139 (39.71) | 4267 (59.77) | 370 (48.88) | 3625 (64.39) | 272 (36.17) | ||
| Yes | 1663 (41.86) | 226 (27.65) | 1226 (37.94) | 211 (60.39) | 2872 (40.23) | 387 (51.12) | 2005 (35.61) | 480 (63.83) | ||
| Physical disability | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| no limits | 3183 (80.12) | 249 (63.52) | 2738 (84.74) | 196 (56.00) | 5043 (70.64) | 487 (64.33) | 4219 (74.94) | 337 (44.81) | ||
| IADL-only | 323 (8.13) | 49 (12.50) | 226 (6.99) | 48 (13.71) | 848 (11.88) | 114 (15.06) | 626 (11.12) | 108 (14.23) | ||
| ADL-only | 206 (5.18) | 32 (8.16) | 142 (4.39) | 32 (9.14) | 509 (7.13) | 65 (8.59) | 365 (6.48) | 79 (10.51) | ||
| Both | 261 (6.57) | 62 (15.82) | 125 (3.87) | 74 (21.14) | 739 (10.35) | 91 (12.02) | 420 (7.46) | 228 (30.32) | ||
| Gender | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Male | 1823 (45.88) | 132 (33.67) | 1579 (48.87) | 112 (32.00) | 3409 (47.75) | 267 (35.27) | 2920 (51.87) | 222 (29.52) | ||
| Female | 2150 (54.12) | 260 (66.33) | 1652 (51.13) | 238 (68.00) | 3730 (52.25) | 490 (64.73) | 2710 (48.13) | 530 (70.48) | ||
| Age (years) | 0.096 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| 45–49 | 843 (21.22) | 98 (25.00) | 684 (21.17) | 61 (17.43) | 1405 (19.68) | 150 (19.82) | 1136 (20.18) | 119 (15.82) | ||
| 50–59 | 1499 (37.73) | 138 (35.20) | 1236 (38.25) | 125 (35.71) | 2721 (38.11) | 271 (35.80) | 2179 (38.70) | 271 (36.04) | ||
| 60–69 | 1115 (28.06) | 111 (28.32) | 888 (27.48) | 116 (33.14) | 2173 (30.44) | 248 (32.76) | 1645 (29.22) | 280 (37.23) | ||
| > 70 | 516 (12.99) | 45 (11.48) | 423 (13.09) | 48 (13.71) | 840 (11.77) | 88 (11.62) | 670 (11.90) | 82 (10.90) | ||
| Marital status | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Partnered | 3544 (89.20) | 340 (86.73) | 2912 (90.13) | 292 (83.43) | 6329 (88.65) | 648 (85.60) | 5068 (90.02) | 613 (81.52) | ||
| Single | 429 (10.80) | 52 (13.27) | 319 (9.87) | 58 (16.57) | 810 (11.35) | 109 (14.40) | 562 (9.98) | 139 (18.48) | ||
| Education | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Illiterate | 690 (17.37) | 101 (25.77) | 485 (15.01) | 104 (29.71) | 2315 (32.43) | 311 (41.08) | 1661 (29.50) | 343 (45.61) | ||
| ≤ Primary school | 1514 (38.11) | 171 (43.62) | 1193 (36.92) | 150 (42.86) | 3056 (42.81) | 314 (41.48) | 2436 (43.27) | 306 (40.69) | ||
| Middle school | 1188 (29.90) | 90 (22.96) | 1029 (31.85) | 69 (19.71) | 1376 (19.27) | 107 (14.13) | 1182 (20.99) | 87 (11.57) | ||
| ≥ High school | 581 (14.62) | 30 (7.65) | 524 (16.22) | 27 (7.71) | 392 (5.49) | 25 (3.30) | 351 (6.23) | 16 (2.13) | ||
| Employment | 0.429 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Yes | 2250 (56.63) | 210 (53.57) | 1839 (56.92) | 201 (57.43) | 5834 (81.72) | 610 (80.58) | 4661 (82.79) | 563 (74.87) | ||
| No | 1723 (43.37) | 182 (46.43) | 1392 (43.08) | 149 (42.57) | 1305 (18.28) | 147 (19.42) | 969 (17.21) | 189 (25.13) | ||
| Family income | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 797 (20.06) | 110 (28.06) | 595 (18.42) | 92 (26.29) | 1448 (20.28) | 169 (22.32) | 1113 (19.77) | 166 (22.07) | ||
| 2 | 800 (20.14) | 110 (28.06) | 589 (18.23) | 101 (28.86) | 1410 (19.75) | 149 (19.68) | 1051 (18.67) | 210 (27.93) | ||
| 3 | 788 (19.83) | 74 (18.88) | 643 (19.90) | 71 (20.29) | 1426 (19.97) | 155 (20.48) | 1091 (19.38) | 180 (23.94) | ||
| 4 | 794 (19.98) | 63 (16.07) | 677 (20.95) | 54 (15.43) | 1428 (20.00) | 152 (20.08) | 1138 (20.21) | 138 (18.35) | ||
| 5 (highest) | 794 (19.98) | 35 (8.93) | 727 (22.5) | 32 (9.14) | 1427 (19.99) | 132 (17.44) | 1237 (21.97) | 58 (7.71) | ||
| Smoke | 0.015 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Yes | 1109 (27.91) | 97 (24.74) | 933 (28.88) | 79 (22.57) | 2304 (32.27) | 204 (26.95) | 1934 (34.35) | 166 (22.07) | ||
| No | 2864 (72.09) | 295 (75.26) | 2298 (71.12) | 271 (77.43) | 4835 (67.73) | 553 (73.05) | 3696 (65.65) | 586 (77.93) | ||
| Drink | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Yes | 1294 (32.57) | 91 (23.21) | 1120 (34.66) | 83 (23.71) | 2373 (33.24) | 192 (25.36) | 1997 (35.47) | 184 (24.47) | ||
| No | 2679 (67.43) | 301 (76.79) | 2111 (65.34) | 267 (76.29) | 4766 (66.76) | 565 (74.64) | 3633 (64.53) | 568 (75.53) | ||
| Living arrangement | 0.135 | 0.167 | ||||||||
| Yes | 3626 (91.27) | 355 (90.56) | 2961 (91.64) | 310 (88.57) | 6362 (89.12) | 682 (90.09) | 5024 (89.24) | 656 (87.23) | ||
| No | 347 (8.73) | 37 (9.44) | 270 (8.36) | 40 (11.43) | 777 (10.88) | 75 (9.91) | 606 (10.76) | 96 (12.77) | ||