Table 3.

Results of the mixed-effects logit regression model of participant preference

Attribute level	OR (95% CI)
	Australia, n = 477	Canada, n = 471	Netherlands, n = 481	Sweden, n = 476	UK, n = 477
Alternative-specific constant (Ref: treatment A [left column])	1.628 (1.487–1.783) p < 0.001	2.013 (1.812–2.236) p < 0.001	1.525 (1.393–1.670) p < 0.001	1.350 (1.237–1.472) p < 0.001	1.455 (1.326–1.595) p < 0.001
Reduction in life expectancy, years	0.628 (0.601–0.657) p < 0.001	0.587 (0.558–0.616) p < 0.001	0.631 (0.603–0.659) p < 0.001	0.624 (0.598–0.651) p < 0.001	0.582 (0.554–0.612) p < 0.001
Frequency of treatment administration (Ref: every 2 weeks, 1 h)
Every 8 weeks, 3 h	1.193 (1.032–1.380) p = 0.017	0.966 (0.825–1.132) p = 0.668	1.042 (0.902–1.203) p = 0.580	1.511 (1.310–1.744) p < 0.001	1.132 (0.982–1.306) p = 0.088
Every 8 weeks, 1 h	1.450 (1.285–1.638) p < 0.001	1.305 (1.151–1.480) p < 0.001	1.336 (1.182–1.510) p < 0.001	1.946 (1.724–2.196) p < 0.001	1.273 (1.130–1.434) p < 0.001
Risk of meningitis (Ref: no increased risk)
1% risk in next 5 years (low risk)	0.716 (0.640–0.800) p < 0.001	0.835 (0.741–0.941) p = 0.003	0.688 (0.614–0.770) p < 0.001	0.682 (0.610–0.763) p < 0.001	0.716 (0.638–0.804) p < 0.001
1% risk in next 2 years (moderate risk)	0.477 (0.417–0.545) p < 0.001	0.537 (0.468–0.615) p < 0.001	0.545 (0.476–0.623) p < 0.001	0.555 (0.491–0.626) p < 0.001	0.535 (0.470–0.609) p < 0.001
Need for hospitalization in the next year (Ref: not admitted to hospital)
In general ward, no intensive care	0.696 (0.618–0.783) p < 0.001	0.724 (0.635–0.827) p < 0.001	0.587 (0.519–0.663) p < 0.001	0.639 (0.566–0.721) p < 0.001	0.627 (0.556–0.708) p < 0.001
In intensive care and general ward	0.403 (0.349–0.465) p < 0.001	0.330 (0.281–0.387) p < 0.001	0.327 (0.280–0.381) p < 0.001	0.441 (0.386–0.503) p < 0.001	0.359 (0.307–0.419) p < 0.001
Risk of impaired kidney function in the next year (Ref: no risk of impaired kidney function)
5% chance of moderate kidney damage	0.393 (0.343–0.450) p < 0.001	0.325 (0.279–0.379) p < 0.001	0.364 (0.314–0.422) p < 0.001	0.391 (0.340–0.449) p < 0.001	0.417 (0.362–0.480) p < 0.001
5% chance of kidney failure	0.049 (0.037–0.064) p < 0.001	0.027 (0.019–0.037) p < 0.001	0.045 (0.034–0.059) p < 0.001	0.042 (0.032–0.055) p < 0.001	0.056 (0.043–0.072) p < 0.001

For categorical variables, an OR >1.0 indicates that the attribute level has a higher odds of being chosen by the individual over the Ref; an OR < 1.0 indicates that the attribute level has a lower odds of being chosen over the Ref. For life expectancy (continuous variable), an OR < 1.0 indicates that for every year of life lost, treatments had a lower odds of being chosen

Marginal rates of substitution were obtained by taking a ratio of the coefficients for two attributes, where the coefficient = ln(OR)

CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, Ref reference level