Table 3.
Relative risk for the rapid progression of CAC with either the DM GRS/the individual SNPs alone as risk factors or the interaction between HMGRI intake and the DM GRS/SNPs as risk factors
| Genetic risk score/SNP | Chr | Base position | Gene | Risk/other allele | RAF | HWE | Model 1: Rapid progression of CAC = DM GRS/SNP + age + sex + log(CACb + 1) |
Model 3: Rapid progression of CAC = DM GRS/SNP + age + sex + log(CACb + 1) + HMGRI intake + DM GRS/SNP × HMGRI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR [95% CI], p | RR [95% CI], p | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus genetic risk score | 1.01 [0.94; 1.10], 0.73 | 1.08 [0.83; 1.41], 0.56 | ||||||
| rs17106184 | 1 | 50,909,985 | FAF1 | G/A | 0.91 | 1 | 1.13 [0.92; 1.39], 0.25 | 0.88 [0.45; 1.75], 0.72 |
| rs10923931 | 1 | 120,517,959 | NOTCH2 | T/G | 0.10 | 0.63 | 0.97 [0.80; 1.17], 0.71 | 1.06 [0.57; 1.96], 0.86 |
| rs2075423 | 1 | 214,154,719 | PROX1 | G/T | 0.63 | 0.82 | 0.97 [0.87; 1.09], 0.67 | 1.18 [0.81; 1.72], 0.40 |
| rs2867125 | 2 | 622,827 | TMEM18 | C/T | 0.82 | 0.95 | 1.10 [0.94; 1.28], 0.25 | 0.78 [0.49; 1.26], 0.31 |
| rs780094 | 2 | 27,741,237 | GCKR | C/T | 0.60 | 0.26 | 0.99 [0.88; 1.11], 0.87 | 1.27 [0.88; 1.83], 0.20 |
| rs10203174 | 2 | 43,690,030 | THADA | C/T | 0.88 | 0.73 | 0.84 [0.72; 0.99], 0.04 | 1.23 [0.67; 2.26], 0.51 |
| rs243088 | 2 | 60,568,745 | BCL11A | T/A | 0.46 | 0.20 | 0.99 [0.89; 1.11], 0.90 | 1.17 [0.83; 1.66], 0.36 |
| rs11123406 | 2 | 111,950,541 | BCL2L11 | T/C | 0.35 | 0.17 | 1.04 [0.92; 1.18], 0.55 | 0.99 [0.68; 1.45], 0.96 |
| rs998451 | 2 | 135,429,288 | TMEM163 | A/G | 0.41 | 0.14 | 1.00 [0.90; 1.12], 0.94 | 1.15 [0.80; 1.65], 0.45 |
| rs4410242 | 2 | 161,192,070 | RBMS1 | G/A | 0.81 | 0.69 | 0.99 [0.86; 1.14], 0.84 | 1.10 [0.70; 1.73], 0.68 |
| rs3923113 | 2 | 165,501,849 | GRB14 | A/C | 0.61 | 0.76 | 0.92 [0.82; 1.04], 0.18 | 0.96 [0.66; 1.40], 0.85 |
| rs2943640 | 2 | 227,093,585 | IRS1 | C/A | 0.64 | 0.21 | 1.00 [0.89; 1.12], 0.97 | 1.15 [0.79; 1.67], 0.46 |
| rs1801282 | 3 | 12,393,125 | PPARG | C/G | 0.86 | 0.27 | 1.01 [0.87; 1.19], 0.85 | 0.86 [0.54; 1.36], 0.51 |
| rs7612463 | 3 | 23,336,450 | UBE2E2 | C/A | 0.90 | 0.84 | 1.09 [0.90; 1.33], 0.38 | 0.66 [0.37; 1.16], 0.15 |
| rs831571 | 3 | 64,048,297 | PSMD6 | C/T | 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.96 [0.83; 1.12], 0.63 | 1.32 [0.80; 2.18], 0.28 |
| rs6795735 | 3 | 64,705,365 | ADAMTS9 | C/T | 0.59 | 0.79 | 1.02 [0.91; 1.14], 0.78 | 1.30 [0.89; 1.91], 0.18 |
| rs11717195 | 3 | 123,082,398 | ADCY5 | T/C | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.94 [0.83; 1.08], 0.41 | 1.04 [0.68; 1.59], 0.85 |
| rs4402960 | 3 | 185,511,687 | IGF2BP2 | T/G | 0.31 | 0.29 | 1.02 [0.90; 1.15], 0.76 | 1.15 [0.78; 1.71], 0.48 |
| rs16861329 | 3 | 186,666,461 | ST64GAL1 | C/T | 0.87 | 0.42 | 1.08 [0.90; 1.28], 0.42 | 0.96 [0.56; 1.65], 0.89 |
| rs6808574 | 3 | 187,740,523 | LPP | C/T | 0.61 | 0.48 | 1.07 [0.99; 1.21], 0.27 | 0.74 [0.51; 1.09], 0.12 |
| rs4458523 | 4 | 6,289,986 | WFS1 | G/T | 0.60 | 0.88 | 1.06 [0.94; 1.18], 0.36 | 1.11 [0.77; 1.58], 0.58 |
| rs7674212 | 4 | 103,988,899 | CISD2 | G/T | 0.58 | 0.79 | 0.89 [0.79; 1.00], 0.04 | 1.22 [0.85; 1.78], 0.28 |
| rs2706785 | 4 | 122,660,250 | TMEM155 | G/A | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.75 [0.51; 1.10], 0.14 | 1.37 [0.40; 4.69], 0.62 |
| rs6813195 | 4 | 153,520,475 | TMEM154 | C/T | 0.73 | 1 | 1.00 [0.88; 1.14], 0.96 | 0.89 [0.58; 1.36], 0.60 |
| rs1996546 | 4 | 185,714,289 | ACSL1 | G/T | 0.85 | 0.24 | 0.98 [0.83; 1.14], 0.76 | 1.52 [0.88; 2.61], 0.13 |
| rs702634 | 5 | 53,271,420 | ARL15 | A/G | 0.68 | 0.16 | 1.00 [0.89; 1.13], 0.96 | 0.97 [0.66; 1.43], 0.87 |
| rs459193 | 5 | 55,806,751 | ANKRD55 | G/A | 0.74 | 0.55 | 1.07 [0.94; 1.21], 0.32 | 0.95 [0.61; 1.48], 0.82 |
| rs6878122 | 5 | 76,427,311 | ZBED3 | G/A | 0.29 | 0.72 | 0.98 [0.86; 1.11], 0.74 | 0.66 [0.42; 1.02], 0.06 |
| rs329122 | 5 | 133,864,599 | PHF15 | A/G | 0.40 | 0.88 | 1.00 [0.89; 1.12], 0.95 | 0.83 [0.56; 1.23], 0.35 |
| rs9505118 | 6 | 7,290,437 | SSR1/RREB1 | A/G | 0.60 | 0.19 | 1.02 [0.91; 1.14], 0.71 | 1.06 [0.74; 1.51], 0.75 |
| rs7756992 | 6 | 20,679,709 | CDKAL1 | G/A | 0.29 | 0.40 | 1.00 [0.88; 1.13], 0.98 | 0.82 [0.53; 1.29], 0.40 |
| rs3130501 | 6 | 31,136,453 | POU5F1/TCF19 | G/A | 0.73 | 0.03 | 0.95 [0.84; 1.08], 0.45 | 0.97 [0.66; 1.44], 0.89 |
| rs2050188 | 6 | 32,339,897 | HLA-DRB5 | T/C | 0.63 | 0.81 | 0.99 [0.88; 1.12], 0.88 | 1.02 [0.69; 1.50], 0.92 |
| rs9271775 | 6 | 32,594,328 | HLA-DQA1 | T/C | 0.82 | 0.14 | 1.04 [0.90; 1.21], 0.57 | 1.49 [0.85; 2.59], 0.16 |
| rs9470794 | 6 | 38,106,844 | ZFAND3 | T/C | 0.92 | 0.53 | 1.16 [0.92; 1.46], 0.21 | 0.50 [0.28; 0.92], 0.02 |
| rs4407733 | 6 | 137,299,152 | IL20RA | A/G | 0.53 | 0.91 | 0.94 [0.84; 1.05], 0.24 | 1.30 [0.91; 1.85], 0.15 |
| rs622217 | 6 | 160,766,770 | SLC22A3 | T/C | 0.47 | 0.50 | 1.04 [0.93; 1.16], 0.54 | 1.06 [0.75; 1.49], 0.76 |
| rs17168486 | 7 | 14,898,282 | DGKB | T/C | 0.18 | 0.95 | 0.90 [0.77; 1.04], 0.16 | 1.03 [0.62; 1.69], 0.91 |
| rs849135 | 7 | 28,196,413 | JAZF1 | G/A | 0.50 | 0.86 | 1.06 [0.94; 1.18], 0.34 | 0.98 [0.69; 1.38], 0.89 |
| rs10278336 | 7 | 44,245,363 | GCK | A/G | 0.58 | 0.26 | 1.11 [0.99; 1.24], 0.08 | 1.09 [0.75; 1.60], 0.64 |
| rs6467136 | 7 | 127,164,958 | GCC1 | A/G | 0.46 | 0.46 | 1.01 [0.90; 1.13], 0.87 | 1.13 [0.77; 1.64], 0.54 |
| rs13233731 | 7 | 130,437,689 | KLF14 | G/A | 0.51 | 0.22 | 1.04 [0.93; 1.16], 0.53 | 1.09 [0.77; 1.55], 0.63 |
| rs9648716 | 7 | 140,612,163 | BRAF | T/A | 0.14 | 0.94 | 1.02 [0.87; 1.20], 0.80 | 0.97 [0.59; 1.60], 0.92 |
| rs1182397 | 7 | 157,031,407 | MNX1 | G/T | 0.84 | 0.69 | 1.00 [0.85; 1.16], 0.97 | 0.81 [0.48; 1.34], 0.41 |
| rs12681990 | 8 | 36,859,186 | KCNU1 | C/T | 0.19 | 0.55 | 0.97 [0.84; 1.13], 0.71 | 0.82 [0.49; 1.39], 0.47 |
| rs516946 | 8 | 41,519,248 | ANK1 | C/T | 0.76 | 0.03 | 1.04 [0.91; 1.18], 0.55 | 1.44 [0.91; 2.28], 0.12 |
| rs7845219 | 8 | 95,937,502 | TP53INP1 | T/C | 0.54 | 0.94 | 1.02 [0.91; 1.14], 0.75 | 0.96 [0.67; 1.37], 0.83 |
| rs3802177 | 8 | 118,185,025 | SLC30A8 | G/A | 0.69 | 0.55 | 1.04 [0.92; 1.18], 0.49 | 1.21 [0.81; 1.81], 0.36 |
| rs7041847 | 9 | 4,287,466 | GLIS3 | A/G | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.91 [0.80; 1.01], 0.08 | 0.81 [0.56; 1.17], 0.27 |
| rs17584499 | 9 | 8,879,118 | PTPRD | T/C | 0.20 | 0.43 | 1.09 [0.95; 1.26], 0.21 | 1.53 [0.96; 2.44], 0.07 |
| rs10811661 | 9 | 22,134,094 | CDKN2A/B | T/C | 0.83 | 0.61 | 1.08 [0.92; 1.25], 0.34 | 1.02 [0.61; 1.70], 0.94 |
| rs17791513 | 9 | 81,905,590 | TLE4 | A/G | 0.93 | 0.56 | 1.07 [0.85; 1.36], 0.56 | 0.90 [0.44; 1.84], 0.76 |
| rs2796441 | 9 | 84,308,948 | TLE1 | G/A | 0.60 | 0.47 | 1.01 [0.90; 1.13], 0.92 | 0.96 [0.67; 1.40], 0.85 |
| rs495828 | 9 | 136,154,867 | ABO | T/G | 0.24 | 0.003 | 0.92 [0.80; 1.05], 0.21 | 0.89 [0.57; 1.38], 0.59 |
| rs11257655 | 10 | 12,307,894 | CDC123 | T/C | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0.95 [0.83; 1.10], 0.52 | 0.80 [0.50; 1.28], 0.36 |
| rs1802295 | 10 | 70,931,474 | VPS26A | T/C | 0.32 | 0.02 | 1.01 [0.90; 1.13], 0.88 | 0.97 [0.67; 1.42], 0.89 |
| rs12571751 | 10 | 80,942,631 | ZMIZ1 | A/G | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.99 [0.88; 1.10], 0.79 | 0.95 [0.66; 1.38], 0.80 |
| rs1111875 | 10 | 94,462,882 | HHEX/IDE | C/T | 0.59 | 0.88 | 0.98 [0.88; 1.10], 0.77 | 1.14 [0.79; 1.66], 0.49 |
| rs7903146 | 10 | 114,758,349 | TCF7L2 | T/C | 0.28 | 0.89 | 0.93 [0.82; 1.06], 0.27 | 0.77 [0.51; 1.18], 0.22 |
| rs10886471 | 10 | 121,149,403 | GRK5 | T/C | 0.45 | 0.48 | 1.02 [0.90; 1.14], 0.78 | 0.68 [0.46; 1.01], 0.05 |
| rs2421016 | 10 | 124,167,512 | PLEKHA1 | C/T | 0.50 | 0.61 | 0.89 [0.80; 1.00], 0.06 | 1.03 [0.72; 1.48], 0.87 |
| rs2334499 | 11 | 1,696,849 | DUSP8 | T/C | 0.40 | 0.82 | 1.04 [0.93; 1.16], 0.48 | 1.09 [0.77; 1.55], 0.61 |
| rs163184 | 11 | 2,847,069 | KCNQ1 | G/T | 0.50 | 0.72 | 0.98 [0.88; 1.10], 0.74 | 1.11 [0.78; 1.60], 0.55 |
| rs5215 | 11 | 17,408,630 | KCNJ11 | C/T | 0.36 | 0.51 | 1.03 [0.92; 1.16], 0.62 | 1.01 [0.70; 1.45], 0.95 |
| rs3736505 | 11 | 43,876,435 | HSD17B12 | G/A | 0.30 | 0.25 | 1.00 [0.88; 1.13], 0.98 | 1.00 [0.68; 1.48], 0.99 |
| rs11227234 | 11 | 65,365,171 | MAP3K11 | T/G | 0.24 | 0.11 | 1.01 [0.88; 1.15], 0.88 | 1.27 [0.84; 1.92], 0.26 |
| rs1552224 | 11 | 72,433,098 | ARAP1 (CENTD2) | A/C | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.78 [0.68; 0.90], 0.001 | 0.94 [0.60; 1.47], 0.80 |
| rs10830963 | 11 | 92,708,710 | MTNR1B | G/C | 0.29 | 0.36 | 1.09 [0.96; 1.23], 0.19 | 1.04 [0.72; 1.51], 0.84 |
| rs11063069 | 12 | 4,374,373 | CCND2 | G/A | 0.21 | 0.79 | 1.04 [0.90; 1.19], 0.61 | 1.00 [0.65; 1.56], 0.99 |
| rs10842994 | 12 | 27,965,150 | KLHDC5 | C/T | 0.79 | 0.48 | 0.97 [0.85; 1.11], 0.67 | 0.56 [0.34; 0.91], 0.02 |
| rs2261181 | 12 | 66,212,318 | HMGA2 | T/C | 0.09 | 0.51 | 1.00 [0.82; 1.22], 0.99 | 0.69 [0.35; 1.39], 0.30 |
| rs7955901 | 12 | 71,433,293 | TSPAN8 | C/T | 0.45 | 0.36 | 1.06 [0.95; 1.19], 0.31 | 0.75 [0.52; 1.09], 0.13 |
| rs12427353 | 12 | 121,426,901 | HNF1B | G/C | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.99 [0.86; 1.18], 0.91 | 0.82 [0.52; 1.29], 0.38 |
| rs1727294 | 12 | 123,616,514 | MPHOSPH9 | G/A | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.92 [0.80; 1.05], 0.20 | 1.16 [0.75; 1.79], 0.50 |
| rs825476 | 12 | 124,568,456 | CCDC92 | T/C | 0.57 | 0.71 | 1.06 [0.94; 1.19], 0.31 | 1.00 [0.69; 1.43], 0.99 |
| rs10507349 | 13 | 26,781,528 | RNF6 | G/A | 0.77 | 0.32 | 0.92 [0.81; 1.06], 0.25 | 1.00 [0.65; 1.55], 0.99 |
| rs576674 | 13 | 33,554,302 | KL | G/A | 0.17 | 0.79 | 0.98 [0.84; 1.14], 0.78 | 0.79 [0.46; 1.32], 0.35 |
| rs1359790 | 13 | 80,717,156 | SPRY2 | G/A | 0.72 | 1 | 1.02 [0.90; 1.16], 0.73 | 0.98 [0.66; 1.47], 0.93 |
| rs7985179 | 13 | 91,940,169 | MIR17HG | T/A | 0.75 | 0.52 | 0.91 [0.80; 1.04], 0.17 | 1.06 [0.69; 1.63], 0.78 |
| rs17109256 | 14 | 79,939,993 | NRXN3 | A/G | 0.22 | 0.50 | 0.97 [0.85; 1.11], 0.67 | 1.41 [0.93; 2.13], 0.10 |
| rs7403531 | 15 | 38,822,905 | RASGRP1 | T/C | 0.21 | 0.44 | 1.05 [0.90; 1.20], 0.54 | 1.07 [0.70; 1.63], 0.77 |
| rs4502156 | 15 | 62,383,155 | C2CD4A | C/T | 0.41 | 0.88 | 0.92 [0.82; 1.03], 0.14 | 1.18 [0.81; 1.73], 0.39 |
| rs7178572 | 15 | 77,747,190 | HMG20A | G/A | 0.70 | 1 | 1.04 [0.92; 1.18], 0.53 | 0.91 [0.61; 1.36], 0.66 |
| rs11634397 | 15 | 80,432,222 | ZFAND6 | G/A | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.96 [0.85; 1.08], 0.53 | 0.93 [0.64; 1.37], 0.72 |
| rs2028299 | 15 | 90,374,257 | AP3S2 | C/A | 0.28 | 0.78 | 1.02 [0.89; 1.15], 0.82 | 1.02 [0.67; 1.54], 0.94 |
| rs12899811 | 15 | 91,544,076 | PRC1 | G/A | 0.31 | 0.97 | 1.04 [0.92; 1.17], 0.54 | 0.81 [0.54; 1.20], 0.29 |
| rs9940149 | 16 | 300,641 | ITFG3 | G/A | 0.81 | 0.11 | 0.87 [0.75; 1.00], 0.05 | 1.34 [0.83; 2.16], 0.24 |
| rs9936385 | 16 | 53,819,169 | FTO | C/T | 0.41 | 0.88 | 0.94 [0.84; 1.06], 0.31 | 1.09 [0.77; 1.55], 0.61 |
| rs7202877 | 16 | 75,247,245 | BCAR1 | T/G | 0.89 | 0.71 | 0.92 [0.77; 1.10], 0.37 | 0.97 [0.54; 1.73], 0.91 |
| rs2925979 | 16 | 81,534,790 | CMIP | T/C | 0.30 | 0.67 | 1.03 [0.91; 1.17], 0.60 | 1.22 [0.84; 1.79], 0.30 |
| rs391300 | 17 | 2,216,258 | SRR | C/T | 0.64 | 0.67 | 1.02 [0.91; 1.14], 0.77 | 0.87 [0.59; 1.29], 0.48 |
| rs8068804 | 17 | 3,985,864 | ZZEF1 | A/G | 0.32 | 0.07 | 1.01 [0.89; 1.13], 0.93 | 1.45 [1.01; 2.09], 0.04 |
| rs17676067 | 17 | 9,791,375 | GLP2R | C/T | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.98 [0.86; 1.10], 0.70 | 1.27 [0.89; 1.81], 0.18 |
| rs11651052 | 17 | 36,102,381 | HNF1B | G/A | 0.53 | 0.33 | 1.07 [0.96; 1.20], 0.21 | 0.94 [0.66; 1.34], 0.74 |
| rs15563 | 17 | 47,005,193 | GIP | G/A | 0.53 | 0.61 | 1.04 [0.93; 1.16], 0.53 | 1.00 [0.71; 1.40], 0.98 |
| rs12970134 | 18 | 57,884,750 | MC4R | A/G | 0.26 | 0.82 | 0.94 [0.83; 1.07], 0.39 | 1.37 [0.92; 2.06], 0.12 |
| rs10401969 | 19 | 19,407,718 | CILP2 | C/T | 0.08 | 0.52 | 1.22 [1.00; 1.48], 0.04 | 1.21 [0.63; 2.34], 0.57 |
| rs3786897 | 19 | 33,893,008 | PEPD | A/G | 0.58 | 0.24 | 0.95 [0.85; 1.06], 0.33 | 0.99 [0.69; 1.43], 0.96 |
| rs8108269 | 19 | 46,158,513 | GIPR | G/T | 0.31 | 0.70 | 0.93 [0.83; 1.06], 0.28 | 0.78 [0.51; 1.19], 0.25 |
| rs4812829 | 20 | 42,989,267 | HNF4A | A/G | 0.18 | 0.67 | 1.02 [0.88; 1.19], 0.75 | 1.04 [0.66; 1.62], 0.87 |
Chr chromosome, Gene specify the nearby gene, RAF risk allele frequency, HWE Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, CACb coronary artery calcification score at baseline. The model is adjusted for age, sex, and log(CACb + 1) and consists of the interaction between GRS/SNP × HMGRI intake.