Table 5.
Comparison of the present study and related studies
| Participants | Endpoint | Assessed factors | Average follow-up time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Houslay, 2006 |
54 placebo 48 atorvastatin, 80 mg |
CAC progression Serum CRP concentration Serum LDL cholesterol concentration |
• HMGRI intake | 2 years |
| Anand, 2007 | 402 (observational) | CAC progression |
• Demographic data • Risk factors • Glycemic control • Medication (including HMGRI intake) • Serum hs-CRP • IL-6 • Plasma OPG |
2,5 years |
| Terry, 2007 |
40 placebo 40 simvastatin, 80 mg |
CAC progression AAC progression |
• HMGRI intake | 1 year |
| Saremi, 2012 | 197 T2DM patients (observational) |
CAC progression AAC progression |
• HMGRI intake | 4,6 years |
| Puri, 2015 | 3495 (observational) |
CaI Coronary PAV |
• HMGRI intake | 1,5 – 2 years |
| Rhee, 2015 | 19,920 (observational) | CAC score |
Eligibility for HMGRI according to: • ACC/AHA guideline • ATPIII guideline |
single measurement/non follow-up |
| Warters, 2011 |
3797 atorvastatin, 10 mg 3798 atorvastatin, 80 mg 3724 simvastatin, 20 mg 3737 atorvastatin, 80 mg 1898 placebo 1905 atorvastatin, 80 mg |
New-onset T2DM Major cardiovascular events |
• Fasting glucose levels | 4,9 years |
| • Triglyceride levels | ||||
| • BMI | 4,8 years | |||
| • History of hypertension | ||||
| • HMGRI intake | 4,9 years | |||
| Carter, 2013 |
38,470 pravastatin 268,254 atorvastatin 5636 fluvastatin 6287 lovastatin 76,774 rosuvastatin 75,829 simvastatin |
New-onset T2DM | • HMGRI intake | 5 years |
| Cederberg, 2015 | 8749 (observational) | New-onset T2DM | • HMGRI intake | 5,9 years |
| Snell-Bergeon, 2003 | 109 T1DM patients (observational) | CAC progression |
• Demographic data • Glycemic control • Baseline CAC • BMI and insulin interaction |
2,7 years |
| Koulaouzidis, 2013 | 388 with CAC score of 0 at baseline | CAC progression |
• Demographic data • BMI • DM • Smoking • Hypertension • Hypercholesterolemia |
1 – 6 years |
| Henein, 2015 |
419 placebo 432 atorvastatin, 20 mg 164 atorvastatin, 10 mg 179 atorvastatin, 80 mg |
CAC progression | • HMGRI intake |
2 years, 4 years, and 6 years 1 year |
| Dykun, 2016 | 3483 (observational) | CAC progression | • HMGRI intake | 5 years |
| Present study (Pechlivanis, 2021) | 3157 (observational) | CAC progression |
• DM-associated SNPs • DM GRS • Interaction of DM SNPs × HMGRI intake • Interaction of DM GRS × HMGRI intake |
5 years |
AAC abdominal aortic artery calcification, ACC/AHA American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, ATPIII Adult Treatment Panel III, BMI body mass index, CAC coronary artery calcification, CaI calcium indices, CRP serum C-reactive protein, (T1/T2) DM (type 1/type 2) diabetes mellitus, GRS genetic risk score, LDL low-density lipoprotein, PAV percent atheroma volume, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism.