Table 2.
Hospital admission rates (per 1000 children per year), and hospital admissions of hPIV-associated ALRI in age groups of children younger than 5 years in 2018, by World Bank income level and child mortality setting
| Low-income and lower-middle-income countries | Upper-middle-income countries | High-income countries | Low child mortality settings | High child mortality settings | Global estimates (low and high child mortality settings) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hPIV-associated ALRI 0–5 months | ||||||
| Number of studies | 7 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 10 | .. |
| Hospital admission rate (95% CI) | 3·8 (1·8–7·8) | 5·7 (3·0–10·5) | 5·5 (3·1–9·9) | 3·6 (1·8–7·0) | 5·8 (3·7–9·2) | .. |
| Hospital admissions (thousands; UR) | 168 (81–349) | 105 (56–196) | 35 (20–62) | 83 (42–163) | 267 (170–420) | 350 (212–583) |
| hPIV-associated ALRI 6–11 months | ||||||
| Number of studies | 7 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 10 | .. |
| Hospital admission rate (95% CI) | 3·5 (1·7–7·0) | 3·8 (1·9–7·6) | 3·5 (1·9–6·5) | 2·0 (0·9–4·6) | 4·7 (3·2–6·7) | .. |
| Hospital admissions (thousands; UR) | 154 (76–311) | 70 (35–139) | 22 (12–41) | 46 (20–104) | 214 (149–310) | 260 (169–413) |
| hPIV-associated ALRI 12–59 months | ||||||
| Number of studies | 8 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 12 | .. |
| Hospital admission rate (95% CI) | 0·8 (0·4–1·4) | 0·8 (0·4–1·6) | 0·8 (0·2–2·9) | 0·8 (0·3–1·9) | 0·7 (0·5–1·2) | .. |
| Hospital admissions (thousands; UR) | 274 (147–512) | 117 (59–233) | 41 (11–153) | 147 (59–368) | 250 (162–386) | 396 (220–753) |
| hPIV-associated ALRI 0–59 months | ||||||
| Hospital admissions (thousands; UR) | 596 (304–1171) | 292 (150–569) | 98 (42–257) | 276 (121–634) | 731 (480–1116) | 1007 (601–1750) |
| hPIV-associated ALRI with hypoxaemia 0–5 months | ||||||
| Number of studies | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | .. |
| Hospital admission rate (95% CI) | 0·6 (0·3–1·6) | 1·8 (1·1–3·0) | .. | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | 1·4 (0·8–2·4) | .. |
| Hospital admissions (thousands; UR) | 27 (12–61) | 33 (20–55) | .. | 5 (3–8) | 64 (37–111) | 69 (40–119) |
| hPIV-associated ALRI with hypoxaemia 6–11 months | ||||||
| Number of studies | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | .. |
| Hospital admission rate (95% CI) | 0·3 (0·1–0·9) | 1·0 (0·5–1·8) | .. | 0·1 (0·0–0·2) | 0·8 (0·5–1·4) | .. |
| Hospital admissions (thousands; UR) | 13 (4–39) | 18 (10–35) | .. | 2 (0–14) | 36 (22–61) | 39 (22–75) |
| hPIV-associated ALRI with hypoxaemia 12–59 months | ||||||
| Number of studies | 6 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 8 | .. |
| Hospital admission rate (95% CI) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | 0·1 (0·0–1·2) | .. | 0·1 (0·0–4·4) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | .. |
| Hospital admissions (thousands; UR) | 34 (24–48) | 15 (1–223) | .. | 18 (1–534) | 36 (25–50) | 54 (26–584) |
| hPIV-associated ALRI with hypoxaemia 0–59 months | ||||||
| Hospital admissions (thousands; UR) | 74 (40–149) | 66 (31–313) | .. | 25 (4–556) | 137 (84–223) | 162 (88–779) |
The median value of the 2018 younger than 5 years mortality rate was used as the cutoff point for settings with high child mortality and low child mortality. The hospital admission rate was adjusted to account for the missing hPIV-4. Hospital admission rates from meta-analyses. ALRI=acute lower respiratory infections. hPIV=human parainfluenza virus. UR=uncertainty range.