Table 3.
hCFR meta-estimates of hPIV-associated ALRI and in-hospital deaths in age groups of children younger than 5 years in 2018, by World Bank income level and child mortality setting
| Low-income and lower-middle-income countries | Upper-middle-income countries | High-income countries | Low child mortality settings | High child mortality settings | Global estimates (low and high child mortality settings) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of studies | 15 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 20 | .. | |
| 0–5 months | |||||||
| hCFR, % (95% CI) | 3·9 (2·1–7·3) | 2·4 (1·3–4·6) | 0·9 (0·2–3·6) | 1·3 (0·6–3·1) | 3·6 (2·2–5·8) | .. | |
| Deaths (UR) | 6600 (2600–17 000) | 2500 (1100–6100) | 300 (100–1500) | 1100 (400–3100) | 9600 (5000–18 600) | 10 700 (5400–2 1700) | |
| 6–11 months | |||||||
| hCFR, % (95% CI) | 2·0 (0·5–7·4) | 3·8 (2·2–6·6) | 1·2 (0·3–4·7) | 2·6 (1·0–6·9) | 2·3 (0·9–5·8) | .. | |
| Deaths (UR) | 3100 (700–13 800) | 2700 (1100–6400) | 300 (100–1200) | 1200 (300–4200) | 4900 (1800–13 300) | 6100 (2200–17300) | |
| 12–59 months | |||||||
| hCFR, % (95% CI) | 3·5 (2·2–5·6) | 1·9 (0·8–4·1) | 0·9 (0·4–1·9) | 1·2 (0·7–2·3) | 2·8 (1·8–4·4) | .. | |
| Deaths (UR) | 9600 (4500–20 900) | 2200 (800–6400) | 400 (100–1700) | 1800 (600–5200) | 7000 (3800–13 000) | 8800 (4400–18 100) | |
| 0–59 months | |||||||
| Deaths (UR) | 19 400 (7800–50 800) | 7400 (3000–18 900) | 1000 (200–4100) | 4100 (1400–12 400) | 21 600 (10 600–44 100) | 25 700 (12 000–56 500) | |
The median value of the 2018 younger than 5 years mortality rate was used as the cutoff point for settings with high child mortality and low child mortality. The in-hospital deaths were estimated using adjusted hospital admissions and adjusted hCFRs to account for the missing hPIV-4. hCFR estimates were from meta-analyses. ALRI=acute lower respiratory infections. hCFR=In-hospital case-fatality ratio. hPIV=human parainfluenza virus. UR=uncertainty range.