Table 4.

Estimates of global number of hPIV-attributable ALRI cases, hospital admissions, and deaths among children younger than 5 years in 2018 using attributable fraction of hPIV-associated ALRI

	Attributable fraction (%)*	Global hPIV–associated burden estimates (UR)	Global hPIV–attributable burden estimates†(UR)
ALRI cases (millions)	72%‡	26·1 (17·8–40·1)	18·8 (12·8–28·9)
ALRI hospital admissions (thousands)	72%	1007 (601–1750)	725 (433–1260)
ALRI deaths	65%§	53 000 (25 300–113 500)	34 400 (16 400–73 800)

ALRI=acute lower respiratory infections. hPIV=human parainfluenza virus. UR=uncertainty range.

^*The fraction of ALRI cases and deaths with laboratory-confirmed hPIV that are attributable to hPIV.

^†Applying the corresponding attributable fraction to the estimates of hPIV–associated burden.

^‡The attributable fraction for hPIV–associated ALRI cases was calculated using type-specific attributable fraction and prevalence. Details and the references are in the appendix (p 19).

^§The attributable fraction for hPIV-associated ALRI deaths was modelled using the attributable fraction for hPIV cases and the ratio of case-fatality between hPIV-attributable cases and hPIV-associated cases. Details are in the appendix (pp 20,21).