Table 1. Patient characteristics validation cohort.
| All patients (n=192) | Moderate illness (n=119) | Severe illness (n=73) | P-value3 | Survivors (n=166) | Non-survivors (n=26) | P-value4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65 (54–72) | 66 (53–73) | 64 (57–71) | 0.285 | 64 (53–71) | 73 (69–75) | <0.001 |
| Sex (n, %) | |||||||
| Male | 133 (69) | 79 (66) | 54 (74) | 0.334 | 115 (69) | 18 (69) | 1.000 |
| Female | 59 (31) | 40 (34) | 19 (26) | 51 (31) | 8 (31) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (24.0–29.0) | 26.0 (23.7–28.9) | 26.8 (24.7–29.3) | 0.250 | 26.6 (23.9–29.3) | 25.8 (24.0–28.4) | 0.651 |
| Comorbidity (n, %) | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 38 (20) | 22 (19) | 16 (22) | 0.580 | 33 (20) | 5 (19) | 1.000 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 102 (53) | 64 (54) | 38 (52) | 0.882 | 84 (51) | 18 (69) | 0.092 |
| Pulmonary disease | 39 (20) | 31 (26) | 8 (11) | 0.016 | 31 (19) | 8 (31) | 0.188 |
| Malignancy | 48 (25) | 34 (29) | 14 (19) | 0.171 | 41 (25) | 7 (27) | 0.810 |
| Days of illness at day of sampling (days) | 11 (8–15) | 10 (8–14) | 13 (9–16) | 0.022 | 11 (8–15) | 11 (8–17) | 0.882 |
| ICU admission (n, %)1 | 73 (38) | NA | NA | NA | 57 (34) | 16 (62) | 0.010 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 9 (6–24) | 7 (5–9) | 31 (19–45) | <0.001 | 9 (6–24) | 15 (6–15) | 0.339 |
| Mortality (n,%) | 26 (14) | 10 (8) | 16 (22) | 0.010 | NA | NA | NA |
| sTREM-1 (pg/ml) | 208 (151–292) | 195 (139–283) | 235 (176–319) | 0.017 | 199 (142–278) | 326 (207–445) | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 109 (60–173) | 81 (41–120) | 175 (128–291) | <0.001 | 103 (56–172) | 139 (83–210) | 0.154 |
| Ferritin (µg/l) | 1058 (543–1879) | 822 (399–1461) | 1694 (935–2554) | <0.001 | 996 (491–1864) | 1270 (717–1962) | 0.237 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml)2 | 72 (28–118) | 43 (23–82) | 144 (79–405) | <0.001 | 67 (26–104) | 188 (70–480) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as median (IQR) or n (%). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; IL-6, interleukin-6; sTREM-1, soluble Triggering receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1.
1
ICU admission during total hospital admission.
2
measured in 151 of the 192 patients.
3moderate versus severe illness (Mann–Whitney U test).
4
survivors versus non-survivors (Mann–Whitney U test).