Table 2.
Distribution of sample characteristics (N, %) and description of WEMWBS scores (mean, SE) across categories of study variables
| Variable | Category | Total (N# = 13,632) | Women (N# = 6814) | Men (N# = 6818) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N# (%) | WEMWBS score Mean* (SE) |
N# (%) | WEMWBS score Mean* (SE) |
N# (%) | WEMWBS score Mean* (SE) |
||
| Sex | Men | 6818 (49.1) | 59.5 (0.12) | ||||
| Women | 6814 (50.9) | 58.2 (0.13) | |||||
| Age (years) | 15—44 | 6372 (48.5) | 60.2 (0.11) | 3113 (46.5) | 59.9 (0.16) | 3259 (50.7) | 60.5 (0.15) |
| 45—64 | 4311 (31.2) | 58.3 (0.16) | 2141 (30.9) | 57.6 (0.23) | 2170 (31.6) | 59.1 (0.21) | |
| 65—74 | 1377 (10.5) | 57.6 (0.30) | 720 (11.1) | 57.0 (0.43) | 657 (10.0) | 58.4 (0.41) | |
| ≥ 75 | 1572 (9.7) | 55.0 (0.31) | 840 (11.5) | 54.4 (0.42) | 732 (7.8) | 56.0 (0.42) | |
| Country of origin | Spain | 11,406 (83.7) | 58.7 (0.10) | 5700 (84.0) | 58.1 (0.14) | 5706 (83.3) | 59.4 (0.13) |
| High income | 287 (1.9) | 60.0 (0.50) | 143 (1.7) | 59.8 (0.68) | 144 (2.1) | 60.2 (0.73) | |
| Other | 1936 (14.4) | 59.6 (0.22) | 970 (14.3) | 59.0 (0.32) | 966 (14.6) | 60.2 (0.30) | |
| Educational level | Up to Primary | 3085 (21.3) | 56.2 (0.21) | 1588 (22.8) | 55.5 (0.30) | 1497 (19.7) | 57.0 (0.30) |
| Secondary | 7926 (57.8) | 59.3 (0.11) | 3808 (55.2) | 58.7 (0.17) | 4118 (60.6) | 59.9 (0.15) | |
| Higher | 2615 (20.8) | 60.4 (0.16) | 1415 (22.0) | 60.0 (0.23) | 1200 (19.7) | 60.9 (0.21) | |
| Social class | I | 2623 (20.5) | 60.1 (0.16) | 1274 (20.2) | 59.8 (0.23) | 1349 (20.9) | 60.5 (0.22) |
| II | 2256 (17.3) | 59.2 (0.20) | 1207 (18.2) | 58.7 (0.30) | 1049 (16.4) | 59.7 (0.26) | |
| III | 8304 (58.8) | 58.5 (0.12) | 4005 (56.9) | 57.8 (0.17) | 4299 (60.8) | 59.2 (0.16) | |
| Has never worked | 294 (2.0) | 54.1 (0.77) | 236 (3.1) | 53.3 (0.80) | 58 (0.9) | 57.1 (1.95) | |
| Employment status | Student | 1150 (8.7) | 61.0 (0.24) | 571 (8.3) | 60.4 (0.36) | 579 (9.0) | 61.5 (0.32) |
| Employed | 6857 (50.4) | 60.4 (0.10) | 3158 (46.0) | 59.8 (0.16) | 3699 (55.0) | 60.9 (0.13) | |
| Unemployed | 1330 (10.7) | 57.1 (0.29) | 551 (9.0) | 57.0 (0.45) | 779 (12.6) | 57.1 (0.38) | |
| Housework | 1401 (10.3) | 56.9 (0.30) | 1401 (20.1) | 56.9 (0.30) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Retired | 2263 (15.1) | 57.5 (0.23) | 842 (12.2) | 56.7 (0.39) | 1421 (18.1) | 58.1 (0.28) | |
| Other conditions | 592 (4.6) | 51.7 (0.55) | 254 (3.8) | 50.0 (0.84) | 338 (5.4) | 53.0 (0.72) | |
| Family economic difficulties to make monthly ends meet | Great difficulty | 851 (7.3) | 54.9 (0.44) | 433 (7.4) | 54.3 (0.62) | 418 (7.1) | 55.6 (0.62) |
| Difficulty | 1603 (13.3) | 56.5 (0.27) | 851 (14.0) | 55.7 (0.38) | 752 (12.6) | 57.5 (0.38) | |
| Some difficulty | 3216 (24.9) | 58.4 (0.18) | 1644 (25.4) | 57.9 (0.25) | 1572 (24.4) | 58.9 (0.24) | |
| Some ease | 5533 (37.7) | 59.7 (0.12) | 2687 (36.6) | 59.1 (0.17) | 2846 (38.8) | 60.3 (0.15) | |
| Ease | 2135 (14.8) | 61.1 (0.19) | 1071 (14.7) | 60.4 (0.28) | 1064 (14.8) | 61.9 (0.25) | |
| Great ease | 294 (2.1) | 61.7 (0.54) | 128 (1.9) | 61.6 (0.88) | 166 (2.4) | 61.8 (0.66) | |
| Social support | Low | 263 (2.1) | 44.0 (0.81) | 157 (2.5) | 43.3 (1.05) | 106 (1.7) | 45.1 (1.26) |
| Adequate | 13,369 (97.9) | 59.2 (0.08) | 6657 (97.5) | 58.6 (0.12) | 6712 (98.3) | 59.8 (0.11) | |
| BMI | Underweight | 330 (2.4) | 58.4 (0.60) | 256 (3.7) | 58.6 (0.68) | 74 (1.1) | 57.7 (1.29) |
| Normal weight | 6426 (47.6) | 59.6 (0.12) | 3537 (52.1) | 59.1 (0.16) | 2889 (43.0) | 60.2 (0.17) | |
| Overweight | 4642 (33.7) | 58.8 (0.15) | 1849 (26.9) | 57.8 (0.24) | 2793 (40.7) | 59.5 (0.18) | |
| Obesity | 2041 (14.7) | 57.0 (0.25) | 1035 (14.9) | 56.2 (0.36) | 1006 (14.6) | 58.0 (0.34) | |
| Hours of sleep | < 6 h | 1064 (8.4) | 55.6 (0.37) | 619 (9.7) | 55.0 (0.48) | 445 (7.0) | 56.4 (0.57) |
| 6-8 h | 11,231 (82.6) | 59.3 (0.09) | 5549 (81.4) | 58.7 (0.13) | 5682 (83.8) | 59.9 (0.12) | |
| > 8 h | 1320 (8.9) | 58.1 (0.33) | 635 (8.7) | 57.4 (0.50) | 685 (9.1) | 58.7 (0.44) | |
| Smoking status | Current smoker | 3488 (25.5) | 58.6 (0.17) | 1419 (20.7) | 57.8 (0.29) | 2069 (30.5) | 59.1 (0.22) |
| Ex-smoker | 2551 (19.5) | 59.3 (0.20) | 897 (14.4) | 59.5 (0.31) | 1654 (24.8) | 59.2 (0.25) | |
| Non-smoker | 7593 (55.0) | 58.9 (0.12) | 4498 (65.0) | 58.1 (0.16) | 3095 (44.7) | 60.0 (0.16) | |
| Mental disorder | Yes | 2170 (17.0) | 51.8 (0.27) | 1484 (22.9) | 52.2 (0.32) | 686 (10.9) | 51.0 (0.48) |
| No | 11,462 (83.0) | 60.3 (0.08) | 5330 (77.1) | 60.0 (0.12) | 6132 (89.1) | 60.6 (0.11) | |
| Physical disorder | Yes | 8798 (63.9) | 57.6 (0.12) | 4847 (70.6) | 57.2 (0.16) | 3951 (56.9) | 58.2 (0.17) |
| No | 4834 (36.1) | 61.0 (0.11) | 1967 (29.4) | 60.6 (0.17) | 2867 (43.1) | 61.3 (0.15) | |
| Lack of autonomy | No | 12,525 (92.0) | 59.7 (0.08) | 6160 (90.1) | 59.3 (0.12) | 6365 (94.0) | 60.1 (0.11) |
| Yes | 1107 (8.0) | 49.3 (0.39) | 654 (9.9) | 48.3 (0.50) | 453 (6.0) | 51.0 (0.62) | |
| Perceived health status | Excellent | 1044 (8.2) | 63.4 (0.21) | 439 (6.8) | 63.2 (0.33) | 605 (9.6) | 63.5 (0.27) |
| Very good | 4410 (32.4) | 60.7 (0.11) | 2122 (30.8) | 60.4 (0.17) | 2288 (34.0) | 60.9 (0.16) | |
| Good | 5678 (40.9) | 59.4 (0.12) | 2848 (41.2) | 59.1 (0.17) | 2830 (40.6) | 59.8 (0.17) | |
| Fair | 2032 (15.0) | 54.0 (0.26) | 1127 (17.0) | 53.4 (0.36) | 905 (13.0) | 54.8 (0.38) | |
| Poor | 467 (3.5) | 46.1 (0.61) | 277 (4.2) | 45.5 (0.78) | 190 (2.8) | 47.1 (0.95) | |
BMI body mass index, N number, SE standard error
*All variables have a significant effect on mental well-being (one-way ANOVA; p < 0.05) after the Benjamini–Hochberg correction with false discovery rate 0.05
#Unweighted N