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. 2021 Jul 22;11:14986. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94016-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neutrophil speed and confinement ratio change dynamically after IRE. (a) Speed and confinement ratio (displacement/track length) of neutrophils were determined by intravital imaging in liver parenchyma at baseline (No IRE) and for each hour after 1500 V/cm IRE treatment up to the 4-6 h time bracket. Each point on the scatter graphs represents a single cell, with its speed plotted against its confinement ratio. Each graph shows the movement characteristics of 680–1290 individual neutrophils, pooled from 4–6 independent experiments using separate animals. (b) Speed and (c) Confinement ratio of tracked neutrophils are represented in violin plots, in which solid lines show medians and dotted lines show quartiles. For both parameters, one-way ANOVA indicates significant differences between No IRE and all time brackets after IRE (p < 0.0001). Post hoc Tukey multiple comparison demonstrates ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001.