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. 2021 Jul 22;11:14941. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94355-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Left panels: Volume backscattering strength echograms (S_v) from the WBAT for 10-min deployments in (a) Billefjorden, (b) Kongsfjorden, and (c) Offshore Svalbard under different light filters and with the ship's lights turned on or off. The black line indicates the range from the transducer to the − 90 dB (Billefjorden), − 95 dB (Kongsfjorden) or − 110 dB (offshore) backscatter threshold and the arrow indicates the median range (i.e., median avoidance distance). Right panels: Corresponding box plots of the avoidance distance. Range boxes show the 25th, 50th, and 75th and whiskers the 5th and 95th percentile, outliers are excluded.