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. 2021 Jul 22;11:14941. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94355-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Volume backscattering strength echograms (S_v) from the EK60 echosounder during (a) the Svalbard and (b) Newfoundland experiments. The dashed rectangles represent each deployment, and the first rectangle of each echogram represents the control deployment. The corresponding circles on top are coloured according to the filter being used and indicate the percentage reduction in area backscattering coefficient (s_a). Black and white bars on top of the echograms indicate when the ship's lights were on and off. Black areas represent areas removed from the analyses because of noise or depths below the seafloor. The asterisks indicate the location of the baited camera during the Newfoundland experiment. Note that the signal from the camera was removed from the analyses. Higher S_v threshold is − 50 dB for all echograms and lower S_v threshold is − 90 dB for Billefjorden and Newfoundland, − 95 dB for Kongsfjorden, and − 110 dB for the offshore echograms.