Fig. 1.

Associations between assigned APD status and claims-based clinical indicators of advanced disease^a,b.

APD, Advanced Parkinson's Disease.

^aPatients were classified as having advanced disease based on an algorithm derived from prescription claims (any 30-day average levodopa equivalent dose [LED] >1000 mg/day). Patients classified as mild-moderate (via 30-day average LED ≤1000 mg/day) were the reference group. Logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, race, region), clinical characteristics (RxHCC score), and treatment characteristics (any outpatient visit with a neurologist during study year). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.

^bAny deep brain stimulation was defined as the presence of any CPT code indicating current or recent treatment (e.g., device placement or programming).