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Effects of maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation on the plasma cytokines concentrations of offspring piglets. Data are represented as means ± SEM, n = 8 per group. Different letters indicate significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). IL, Interleukin; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IFN, Interferon; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgM, immunoglobulin M; C, control group; A, antibiotic group; P, probiotic group; and S, synbiotic group.
