Table 2.
Characteristics of cardiovascular assessment according to the number of metabolic disorders.
| Parameters | All participants | Number of metabolic disorders | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤1 (n = 540) | 2 (n = 510) | 3 (n = 437) | ≥4 (n = 471) | P | ||
| Cardiac assessment | ||||||
| LVMI (g/m2) | 85.58 ± 27.41 | 78.91 ± 23.81 | 87.27 ± 27.74* | 89.35 ± 27.26* | 87.94 ± 29.73* | <0.001 |
| E/Ea | 9.09 ± 3.58 | 8.36 ± 3.17 | 9.30 ± 3.73* | 9.36 ± 3.71* | 9.46 ± 3.63* | <0.001 |
| Macrocirculatory assessment | ||||||
| cf-PWV (m/s) | 9.10 ± 2.18 | 8.29 ± 1.86 | 9.14 ± 2.09* | 9.51 ± 2.20*† | 9.62 ± 2.34*† | <0.001 |
| ABI | 1.07 ± 0.12 | 1.07 ± 0.11 | 1.07 ± 0.12 | 1.06 ± 0.12 | 1.05 ± 0.12*† | 0.006 |
| C-IMT (mm) | 0.67 ± 0.17 | 0.65 ± 0.16 | 0.67 ± 0.18 | 0.67 ± 0.18 | 0.68 ± 0.18 | 0.056 |
| Plaque in carotid artery, N (%) | 1,254 (64.2%) | 355 (65.9%) | 316 (62.5%) | 279 (63.8%) | 302 (64.7%) | 0.708 |
| Microcirculatory assessment | ||||||
| UACR (mg/g) | 28.96 (13.40–55.86) | 22.86 (11.16–41.24) | 28.81 (12.95–55.34)* | 31.65 (14.56–62.43)* | 37.55 (16.34–70.83)*† | <0.001 |
Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range 25–75%), or number with a percentage. The characteristics of asymptomatic cardiovascular impairment according to the number of MS components were evaluated with one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, and chi-square test.
*
vs. group 1,
†
vs. group 2.
ABI, ankle-brachial index; cf-PWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; C-IMT, carotid intima-media thickness; E/Ea, peak transmitral pulsed Doppler velocity/early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity; LVMI, left ventricle mass index; PP, pulse pressure; UACR, urinary albumin–creatinine rate.