Table 3.

Association of various asymptomatic cardiovascular impairments with MS.

Asymptomatic cardiovascular impairment	Unadjusted		Adjusted*
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Cardiac abnormality
LVH	1.664 (1.334–2.075)	<0.001	1.521 (1.213–1.909)	<0.001
LV diastolic dysfunction	1.904 (1.410–2.571)	<0.001	1.736 (1.279–2.356)	<0.001
Macrocirculatory abnormality
Arteriosclerosis	2.278 (1.660–3.127)	<0.001	2.360 (1.699–3.279)	<0.001
Atherosclerosis	1.031 (0.855–1.243)	0.752	1.040 (0.860–1.258)	0.685
Microcirculatory abnormality
Microalbuminuria	1.602 (1.338–1.918)	<0.001	1.566 (1.304–1.879)	<0.001

The ORs and 95% CI were calculated to estimate the associations of various cardiovascular impairments with MS by using binary logistic regression models.

^*Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and family history of premature CVD.

CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LV, left ventricle; LVH, left ventricle hypertrophy; MS, metabolic syndrome; OR, odds ratio.