Table 5. Correlations among Metal Ions, Cytokines, and REU Score.

		Ti	Cr	Co	Ni	Zr	Pd	Ag	Pt	Au	IL-6	IL-8	IL-1β	TNF-α	VAS
REU score
	r	0.043	0.253	0.095	0.286	−0.062	0.119	0.093	−0.036	0.343	0.439	0.380	0.416	0.114	0.282
	p	0.657	0.008†	0.330	0.005†	0.528	0.224	0.343	0.716	<0.001‡	<0.001‡	<0.001‡	<0.001‡	0.242	0.003†

Ti, titanium; Cr, chromium; Co, cobalt; Ni, nickel; Zr, zirconium; Pd, palladium; Ag, silver; Pt, platinum; Au, gold; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; REU, reticulation/keratosis, erythema, and ulceration; VAS, visual analog scale.

r=Pearson's correlation coefficient; p values were obtained by Pearson's correlation.

^†p<0.01, ^‡p<0.001.