Table 3:
Summary of all studies included for the systematic evidence map. Each row describes the relevant categories for each individual reference used. References (Ref); Reference Type (Ref Type); Peer-Reviewed Article (Peer-Rev.); Dissertation/Theses (D/T); Grey Literature (Grey Lit.); Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis (Undergrad); Matrix (Mx); Surface Sediment (Surf Sed); Sediment Core (Sed Core); Sediments (Sed.); Sampling Year (Samp Year); Concentrations Reported (Concen.); Averages (Av.); Background (Bkg); Descriptive Statistics (Descrip. Stat); Individual Chemicals Reported (ICR); Maximum (Max); Organics (Orgo); Sediment Quality (SQ); Not Reported (NR); Supplemental Table (Suppl Table).
| Ref. | Ref. Type | Mx | Samp Year | General Sampling Location | Metals | Organics | Concen | Reported Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguilar et al. 2014 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. (<5 cm) | 2010 | San Jacinto Waste Pits/Channelview | - | PCBs (PCB77; PCB-81; PCB-105; PCB-114; PCB-118; PCB-123; PCB-126; PCB-156; PCB-157; PCB-167; PCB-169; PCB-189) | Av. in pg/g dry wt | Improving PCDD/F extraction method using the San Jacinto Waste Pit samples |
| Al Mukaimi et al. 2018 | Peer-Rev | Sed. Core | 2012; 2014 | West Bay; East Bay; Texas City; Trinity Bay; Upper Bay; Clear Lake; Taylor Lake; Houston Ship Channel | Hg; Pb; Al; Ni; Zn | - | Av.; Bkg; Max. in ng/g | SQ Check; Environmental Policy; Focus on Hg |
| AlMukaimi 2018 | D/T (PhD) | Sed. Core | 2012; 2014 | West Bay; East Bay; Texas City; Trinity Bay; Upper Bay; Clear Lake; Taylor Lake; Houston Ship Channel | Hg; select cores with Pb, Al, Ni, and Zn | - | Av.; Bkg; Max. in ng/g | Subsidence; Sedimentation; Hg Detection |
| Apeti et al. 2012 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. (<3 cm) | 2006–2007 | Confederate Reef; Offatts Bayou; Ship Channel; Todd’s Dump; Yacht Club | Total Hg | - | Av in ug/g dry wt | Potential of Bioaccumulation; Monitoring Efforts |
| Carr et al. 1996 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. | 1992 | Morgan Point; Jack’s Pocket; Eagle Point; East Bay; West Bay; Burnett Bay; Cedar Bayou; Trinity Bay; Kemah Flats; Texas City; Jones Bay; Chocolate Bay; Alexander Island; Black Duck Bay; Atkinson island; Swan Lake; Dollar Bay | Al, Ba, Be, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr, V, Zn | Pesticides (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, mirex, chlordanes, BHCs, DDTs) PCBs PAHs | Analysis NR | Sediment Quality; Risk Assessment; Exposure Assessment |
| Davis 2018 | D/T (MS) | Surf Sed. | 1992–2017 | TCEQ Segments: 1005 (HSC); 1006 (HSC); 1007 (HSC); San Jacinto Bay (2427); Burnett Bay (2430); Upper GB (2421); Bayport Channel (2438) | - | EPA 16 PAHs: Nap; A; AE; AY; F; FL; P; PY; C; BaA; BaF; BkF; BaP; ghi; IP; DA | Descrip. Stat for 1992–1997; 1999–2002; 2004–2008; 2009–2013; 2014–2017 all in ug/kg | Temporal & Spatial Distribution of PAHs; Sourcing of PAHs; SQGs |
| Dean et al. 2009 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. (<5 cm) | 2002–2004 | Houston Ship Channel (HSC) | - | Individual 18 PCDD/F | Median & Ranges in pg/g | Understand the Bioaccumulation of PCDD/F |
| Dobberstine 2007 | D/T (MS) | Sed. Core | 2004; 2005 | lower Garpenter Bayou; lower Cedar Bayou; East Fork of Double Bayou; Robinson Bayou; Little Cedar Bayou | As; Cd; Cu; Pb; Ni; Sn; Hg; Zn | Organo-chlorine/ phosphorus pesticides; PAHs | ICR in mg/kg (metals) & ug/kg (orgo) | Identify a reference site within upper GB via evaluation of Sediment Quality Triad |
| Galveston Bay Estuary Program; TCEQ, USEPA, HARC 2019 | Grey Lit. | NR | 1973–2009 | Houston Ship Channel, Trinity Bay, Upper & Lower Galveston Bay, East Bay, West Bay, Christmas Bay Complex | As; Ca; Cr; Cu; Pb; Hg; Ni; Ag; Zn | - | General Trends | Trends |
| Gardinali 1996 | D/T (PhD) | Surf Sed. | 1993 | West Bay; East Bay; Lower GB; Upper GB; Trinity Bay; along the HSC | - | 17 PCDD/F; Total PCBs (a focus on PCBs: 77; 81; 126; 169; 105; 114; 118; 123; 156; 157; 167; 189; 128; 138; 158; 166; 170); | ICR (pg/g); Total PCDD/Fs in pg/g; Total PCBs in ng/g | Bioaccumulation & distribution of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons |
| HARC and Galveston Bay Foundation 2017 | Grey Lit. | Sed. | 2002–2016 | Galveston Bay, Houston Ship Channel | Hg; Zn; Ni; Pb; As; Ag; Cu; Cr; Ca | Pesticides (DDT; Lindane; Dieldrin, Chlordane) PAHs (PY; AY; FL; AE; P; A; F; DA; BaP; C; Nap) PCBs (in general) | NR | Comparisons to Prior TECQ data |
| Hieke et al. 2016 | Peer-Rev | Sed. Core (1–5 cm) | 2006 | inlet off Burnett Bay; Lower San Jacinto Bay; Negrohead Lake, San Jacinto Waste Pits; Beak Lake; Anahuac Channel; inlet by Kirby Inland Marine Oper Center; inlet south of Greens/ Baffalo Bayou split; inlet off entry to Buffalo Bayou; near Bay Shore Park; inlet off Tabbs Bay; Atkinson Island; transcect in GB | - | Sum of 18 PCDD/F | Av. in ng/g dry wt | SQ; Remedial Actions; Microbial Management & Trends |
| Howell et al. 2011 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. | 2002–2003 | mouth of Patrick Bayou; near Patrick Bayou; main channel; near tributary; near Patrick Bayou/main channel | - | Sum of 209 PCBs | Av. in ug/g OC or ng/g OC | Sediment/Water Quality; Exposure Assessment; Bioaccumulation Factor |
| Kennicutt MC 2017 | Peer-Rev | Sed. | 1980s, 1991–1995, 1990–1997, 2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2006 | - | Cr; Cu; Ni; As | Pesticides PAHs PCBs (general) | NR | SQ |
| Lakshmanan et al. 2010 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. (<5 cm) | 2002–2003; 2008 | General HSC | - | 209 PCBs 43 PCBs 18 PCBs | Av. in ng/g dry wt | Bioaccumulation; SQ; Risk Assessment; Environmental Monitoring |
| Leonard 2018 | D/T (Undergrad) | Soils | 2017 | SJWP, Lynchburg Ferry landing, Burrnet Bay, Highland Acid Pit, French Limited, Sikes Superfund Site | T-Hg | Nap; A; AE; AY; F; FL; P; PY; C; BaA; BaF; BkF; BaP; ghi; IP; DA | ICR & Totals in ug/kg | Release & Remobilization after a natural disaster |
| Louchouarn et al. 2018 | Peer-Rev | Sed. Core | 2006 | inlet off Burnett Bay; Lower San Jacinto Bay; Negrohead Lake; S. of I10 Bridge; San Jacinto Waste Pits; Beak Lake; Anahuac Channel | - | Individual 18 PCDD/F | Av. in pg/g | Fate & Transport (PCDD/F) |
| NOAA 2020/2017 | Data-base | Sed. | 1993, 1994, 1996, 2000–2006, 2010 | Upper Galveston Bay; Lower Galveston Bay; HSC | See Supplemental Table 2 | See Suppl.Table 2 | mg/kg; ng/g; ug/g | Monitoring Data |
| Oziolor et al. 2014 | Peer-Rev | Sed. | - | Houston Ship Channel (Vince Bayou, Patrick Bayou) | - | PCDD/F PCBs PAHs | NR | Microevolutionary Outcomes from Exposure |
| Oziolor 2017 (Embargo) | D/T (PhD) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Qian et al 2001 | Peer-Rev | Sed. | 1990, 1994 | Ship Channel, Hanna Reef, Yacht Club, Todd’s Dump, Offatts Bayou, Confederate Reef | - | PAHs | Ranges and Mean in ng/g | NOAA Status & Trends (NS&T) Mussel Watch Program; Biota- Sediment Accumulation Factor (BASF) |
| Chatterjee R. 2007 (summary of Yeager et al. 2007) | Grey-Lit | NR | - | Upper HSC | - | PCDD/F (general) | NR | Commentary for Dioxin Contribution Sources |
| Santschi et al. 2001 | Peer-Rev | Sed. | 1995 | Trinity Bay | Pb; Ba; Hg; Cd | Sum 24 PAHs Sum 18 PCBs Sum DDTs | ug/g | Comparison to Natural Background Levels |
| Seward 2012 | D/T (MS) | Sed. Core | 2004 | Galveston Bay; HSC; lower San Jacinto River; lower Trinity River floodplain | - | Individual 17 PCDD/F; Total PAHs | Dx/F in pg/g Total PAHs in ng/g | Historical contamination; fate & sourcing; redistribution; sorption & bioavailability |
| Simons et al. 2009 | Peer-Rev | Sed | 2000–2004 | Galveston Bay | Pb; Hg; Zn; As | PAHs | Averages in ug/g | Resource for Ecological Conditions |
| Suarez et al. 2005 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. (<5 cm) | 2002–2003 | Upper Galveston Bay/HSC | - | Individual 18 PCDD/F | TEQs per kg dry wt; | Trends & Status of PCDD/F |
| Suarez et al. 2006 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. (<5 cm) | 2002–2003 | Upper Galveston Bay/HSC | - | Individual 18 PCDD/F | - | Sediment Flux |
| TCEQ 1994 | Grey Lit | Sed. | 1992, 1993 | - | Cu; Zn; Hg; Pb; Cr | DDT Av. PCBs | Ranges in ug/kg | Trends; Sediment Quality |
| TCEQ SWQW 2020 | Data-base | Sed. | 1990–2019 | Upper Galveston Bay; Lower Galveston Bay; HSC | See Suppl Table 2 | See Suppl. Table 2 | ug/kg; ng/g; mg/kg | Monitoring Data |
| University of Houston-Clear Lake and the University of Houston Houston, Texas 2003 | Grey Lit | NR | - | - | - | PAHs | Zhang et al. paper highlighted | Reports & Trends |
| Wei 2016 | D/T (PhD) | Surf Sed. | 2001–2010 | TCEQ Segments 1005 (HSC); 1006 (HSC); 1007 (HSC) | Pb; Cu; Hg; Zn | - | Av. in mg/kg (unclear if this value was per year or by station) | Spatio-temporal water & sediment distributions; seasonal variation of air pollutants; pollutants & health outcomes |
| Yeager et al. 2007 | Peer-Rev | Sed. Core | 2006–2007 | inlet off entry to Buffalo Bayou; near Bay Shore Park; inlet by Kirby Inland Marine Oper Center; inlet off Buffalo Bayou near BB Toll Bridge; inlet south of Greens/Baffalo Bayou split; terrestrial control off of Trinity River; inlet off Upper San Jacinto Bay; inlet off Tabbs Bay | - | PCDD/F | Av. in ng/kg dry wt | Sedimentary Processes & Flux |
| Yeager et al. 2010 | Peer-Rev | Surf Sed. (3–4 cm) | 2007 | Hog Island, Alexander Island | - | PCDD/F | Av. in pg/g | Remedial Actions |
| Yuill 1991 | D/T (PhD) | Sed. | 1987; 1988 | - | - | - | - | Not included for analysis due to sampling occurring prior to 1990 and no focus on metals |
| Zhang et al. 2003 | Grey Lit. | NR | - | - | - | PAHs | NR; Flux Rates Calculat-ed | Sediment Flux; Risk Management Strategies |