Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| References | Sample size | Design | Participants | Score | Outcome | Time of calculating scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aliberti et al. (17) | 1,428 | Prospective | Age: 66 (59, 74); male: 58%; 30-day mortality: 37% | NEWS ≥6 | 30-day mortality, 60-day mortality | At admission |
| Baker et al. (18) | 296 | Retrospective | Age: 75 (62, 84); male: 55%; in-hospital mortality: 26% | NEWS2 ≥5 qSOFA ≥2 |
Serious events with 24 h | Daily from admission until the occurrence of outcome |
| Bradley et al. (19) | 830 | Retrospective | Age: 70 (58, 80); male: 61%; 30-day mortality: 36% | NEWS2 ≥5 qSOFA ≥2 |
72-h mortality, 30-day mortality | Earliest measurement recorded after admission |
| Covino et al. (20) | 334 | Retrospective | Age: 66 (54, 78); male: 64%; 7-day mortality: 8% | NEWS ≥5 NEWS2 ≥5 |
ICU admission within 48 h, and 7 days | At ED arrival |
| De Socio et al. (32) | 121 | Retrospective | Age: 65 ± 13; male: 65%; mortality: NR | NEWS2 ≥4 | ICU admission, invasive ventilation, or death | At admission |
| Fan et al. (21) | 654 | Retrospective | Age: NR; male: NR; in-hospital mortality: 20% | NEWS2 ≥5 | In-hospital mortality | At admission |
| Gidari et al. (22) | 68 | Retrospective | Age: 64 (31, 93); male: 66%; mortality: NR | NEWS2 ≥5 | ICU admission | At admission |
| Holten et al. (23) | 169 | Prospective | Age: 59; male: 58%; 14-day mortality: 7% | NEWS2 ≥5 qSOFA ≥2 |
Death or admission to ICU within 14 days | At ED arrival |
| Ihle-Hansen et al. (24) | 42 | Retrospective | Age: 73; male: 67%; in-hospital mortality: 47% | NEWS2 ≥5, qSOFA ≥2 |
Death or admission to ICU | First examination after admission |
| Jang et al. (25) | 110 | Retrospective | Age: 57 ± 17; male: 44%; 28-day mortality: 6% | NEWS2 ≥5 | Death or admission to ICU | NR |
| Liu et al. (26) | 673 | Retrospective | Age: 61 (50, 69); male: 51%; in-hospital mortality: 18% | NEWS ≥5 NEWS2 ≥5 |
In-hospital mortality | At admission |
| Maguire et al. (27) | 224 | Retrospective | Age: NR; male: 55%; 30-day mortality: 23% | NEWS ≥5 | 30-day mortality | At admission |
| Martin-Rodriguez et al. (33) | 261 | Retrospective | Age: 80 (69, 88); male: 46%; 2-day mortality: 12% | NEWS2 ≥8 | Death within 2 days | At admission |
| Myrstad et al. (28) | 66 | Prospective | Age: 72; male: 58%; in-hospital mortality: 20% | NEWS2 ≥5 qSOFA ≥2 |
Death or admission to ICU | At ED admission |
| Pokeerbux et al. (29) | 202 | Retrospective | Age: 65 (52, 78); male: 61%; in-hospital mortality: 11% | NEWS ≥5 | Death or admission to ICU | At admission |
| Prower et al. (34) | 708 | Retrospective | Age: 62 ± 18; male: 58%; in-hospital mortality: 12% | NEWS2 ≥5 | Death or admission to ICU | At admission |
| Richardson et al. (30) | 620 | Retrospective | Age: 73; male: 55%; in-hospital mortality: 32% | NEWS ≥5 NEWS2 ≥5 |
24-h mortality, in-hospital mortality | With 24 h of admission |
| Su et al. (31) | 116 | Retrospective | Age: 63 (51, 72); male: 48%; in-hospital mortality: 8% | NEWS ≥6 qSOFA ≥2 |
Need intensive respiratory support | At admission |
NEWS, National Early Warning Score; NEWS2, National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICU, intensive care unit; ED, emergency department.