Table 2.
Overview of studies on serum progesterone (P) monitoring in HRT cycles.
| Reference | n | Route of P | Dose of P | Optimal P level/P test day | Site/No. of embryo transfer/embryos | Outcome, % (high vs low P group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brady et al., 2014 (118) | 229 | im | 50-100 mg x 1 | >20 ng/ml (64 nmol/l)/5th P day | Single center/1 to >3 fresh donor Day 3 embryos | LBR (65 vs 51) |
| Kofinas et al., 2015 a (121) | 213 | im | 50-75 mg x 1 | <20 ng/ml (64 nmol/l)/6th P day | Single center/SET/vitrification, euploid blastocyst, autologous | LBR (65 vs 49) |
| Yovich et al., 2015 a (124) | 529 | Vaginal | 400 mg x3 (in-house produced pessaries) | 22.1 – 31.2 ng/ml (70 – 99 nmol/l)/6th P day | Single center/SET/vitrification, blastocyst, autologous + donor | LBR (50 vs 41) |
| Labarta et al., 2017 (122) | 211 | Vaginal | 400 mg x 2 (micronized P) | >11 ng/ml (>35 nmol/l)/6th P day | Single center/SET or DET/vitrification, blastocyst, donor | OPR (53 vs 43) |
| Basnayake et al., 2018 (117) | 1580 | Vaginal | Various | >15.8 ng/ml (>50 nmol/l)/6th P day | Multicenter/SET/cleavage or blastocyst, slow freeze or vitrification, donor + autologous | LBR (27 vs 11) |
| Alsbjerg et al., 2018 (116) | 244 | Vaginal | 90 mg x 3 (bioadhesive P gel) | ≥11 ng/ml (≥35 nmol/l)/9th – 11th P day | Single center/SET or DET/blastocyst, vitrification, autologous | OPR (51 vs 38) |
| Gaggiotti-Marre et al., 2019 (120) | 244 | Vaginal | 200 mg x 2 (micronized P) | >10.64 ng/ml/4th P day | Single center/preferably SET/vitrification, euploid blastocyst, autologous | LBR (62 vs 48) |
| Cédrin-Durnerin et al., 2019 (119) | 227 | Vaginal | 200 mg x 2 (micronized P) | ≥10 ng/ml/2nd, 3rd or 5th P Day | Single center/SET or DET/Day 2 or 3 or blastocyst, autologous | LBR (31 vs 17) |
| Boynukalin et al., 2019 (127) | 168 | im | 100 mg/daily | ≥20.6 ng/ml/6th P day | Single center/Single euploid blastocyst transfer/Day5 biopsied blastocysts, vitrification | OPR (70 vs 42) |
| Polat et al., 2020 (36) | 143 | Vaginal | 90 mg x 2 (bioadhesive P gel) | >8.75 ng/ml/5th P day | Single center/SET or DET/vitrification, blastocyst | OPR (47 vs 29) |
| Alyasin et al., 202l a (126) | 258 | Vaginal and im | 400 mg x 3 (micronized P) and 50mg/daily/im | <32.5 ng/ml/5th P day | Single center/SET or DET/vitrification, blastocyst | LBR (42 vs 23) |
a
study reporting detrimental effect of high progesterone level on reproductive outcome.
P, Progesterone; SET, Single embryo transfer; DET, Double embryo transfer; LBR, Live Birth Rate; OPR, Ongoing Pregnancy Rate; im, intramuscular.