Table 1.

Examples of true headlines and all false news headlines used in study

	False headlines (all)	True headlines (one example each)
Democrat-friendly	RNC Chair Ronna McDaniel called President Trump “f***ing idiot” in a closed meeting and suggested it may be better if Democrats win the next election	President Trump’s 2017 inaugural committee is said to be under criminal investigation by federal authorities due to financial fraud around donations
Republican-friendly	Discussing voter fraud allegations in private meeting, Tom Perez, DNC Chair, suggested that electing Democrats “more important” than the letter of the law	Online group fighting to outlaw alcohol found to be Democratic activist campaign designed to reduce support for Republican candidate Roy Moore
Politically neutral	Leaked company documents show top E-cigarette company Juul–which insisted it didn’t market to teens–sought teens for focus groups and as models	The Weather Channel is being sued over accusations that it is illegally collecting and selling user’s personal location data