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. 2021 Jul 23;39(36):5116–5128. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.056

Table 1.

Cited Sources Used in Construction of Reflective Measures.

PERCEPTIONS OF THREAT OF ILLNESS (COVID-19) Items adapted from Vaccination context Subjects
Perceived Disease Severity (for individual)
  • Corace et al. (2013) [35]

  • pH1N1

  • health care workers

  • Santos et al. (2017) [36]

  • flu

  • high-risk individuals

  • Adams et al. (2014) [37]

  • flu, pneumonia, hepatitis B

  • haemodialysis patients

Perceived Disease Severity (for others)
  • Corace et al. (2013) [35]

  • pH1N1

  • health care workers

  • Santos et al. (2017) [36]

  • flu

  • high-risk individuals

Perceived Susceptibility to COVID-19 (for individual)
  • Corace et al. (2013) [35]

  • pH1N1

  • Health care workers

Perceived Susceptibility to COVID-19 (for others) new items



EVALUATIONS OF BEHAVIOR (VACCINATION) TO COUNTERACT THREAT OF ILLNESS (COVID-19) Items adapted from Vaccination context Subjects
Conspiracy Beliefs about Vaccination
  • Jolley & Douglas (2014) [18]

  • fictitious disease (dysomeria)

  • British parents

  • Shapiro et al. (2016) [19]

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Canadian parents

Perceived C-19 Vaccine Availability
  • Santos et al. (2017) [36]

  • flu

  • high-risk individuals

  • Wong et al. (2020) [39]

  • COVID-19

  • Malaysian adults

  • Coe et al. (2012) [38]

  • novel (2009) H1N1 influenza

  • US adults

Perceived side-effects of C-19 Vaccine
  • Shapiro et al. (2018) [40]

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Canadian parents

Trust in government approval of C-19 vaccine
  • Shapiro et al. (2018) [40]

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Canadian parents

  • Larson et al. (2015) [4]

  • Childhood vaccination

  • Not empirically tested

  • Siegrist et al (2003) [41]

  • electromagnetic field (EMF) risks*

  • Swiss citizens

  • van der Weerd et al. (2011) [30]

  • influenza A (H1N1)

  • general public

Perceived Ability to Free-Ride new items
Perceived Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination (for individual) 
  • Coe et al. (2012) [38]

  • novel (2009) H1N1

  • US adults

  • Shapiro et al. (2018) [40]

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Canadian parents

  • Larson et al. (2015) [4]

  • Childhood vaccination

  • Not empirically tested

  • Wong et al. (2020) [39]

  • COVID-19

  • Malaysian adults

  • Santos et al. (2017) [36]

  • flu

  • high-risk individuals

Perceived Effectiveness of C-19 Vaccination (for others)
  • Shapiro et al. (2018) [40]

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Canadian parents

  • Larson et al. (2015) [4]

  • Childhood vaccination

  • Not empirically tested

* Tested in non vaccine context of mobile phone antennas.