Table 6.
Factor loadings and Descriptive Statistics – Control Variables.
| CONTROL VARIABLE | Est λ | AUS | NZ | US | ENG | CAN | Overall | F-stat.^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altruism (CA = 0.89; CR = 0.92; AVE = 0.75) | 4.97 (1.10) | 4.96 (1.19) | 4.95 (1.30) | 4.85 (1.27) | 5.02 (1.21) | 4.96 (1.20) | 1.70. | |
| I often do things for others more than for myself | 0.871 | 5.01 (1.27) | 5.01 (1.37) | 5.00 (1.52) | 4.80 (1.51)b | 5.03 (1.37) | 4.99 (1.39) | 2.86* |
| I tend to put people first, then myself | 0.876 | 4.98 (1.27) | 4.96 (1.38) | 4.99 (1.53) | 4.87 (1.44) | 5.01 (1.41) | 4.97 (1.38) | 0.85. |
| I often think about other people when I am doing something even for me | 0.744 | 5.07 (1.20) | 5.05 (1.36) | 5.03 (1.45) | 4.99 (1.38) | 5.19 (1.31) | 5.07 (1.32) | 2.05. |
| I often help others at the expense of my own personal well-being | 0.851 | 4.80 (1.32) | 4.80 (1.37) | 4.79 (1.54) | 4.73 (1.50) | 4.87 (1.44) | 4.80 (1.42) | 0.82. |
| Collectivism (CA = 0.91; CR = 0.93; AVE = 0.78) | 5.67 (1.01)a | 5.55 (1.09) | 5.43 (1.24)b | 5.39 (1.12)b | 5.66 (1.02)a | 5.57 (1.09) | 12.93** | |
| I think it is important to do things for “the greater good” | 0.883 | 5.75 (1.13)a | 5.67 (1.20) | 5.47 (1.44)b | 5.49 (1.29)b | 5.76 (1.13)a | 5.65 (1.14) | 10.69** |
| Doing things for “the greater good” is important to me. | 0.877 | 5.65 (1.14)a | 5.53 (1.22) | 5.41 (1.45)b | 5.32 (1.33)b | 5.65 (1.20)a | 5.54 (1.26) | 8.56** |
| The well-being of those outside my family is important to me. | 0.815 | 5.52 (1.15)a | 5.38 (1.29) | 5.38 (1.39) | 5.27 (1.30)b | 5.62 (1.14)a | 5.46 (1.24) | 9.97** |
| Doing things for other people in the community should be encouraged | 0.832 | 5.75 (1.06)a | 5.63 (1.17) | 5.47 (1.39)b | 5.50 (1.26)b | 5.61 (1.19) | 5.62 (1.20) | 11.83** |
| Perceived General Health (CA = 0.96; CR = 0.97; AVE = 0.92) | 4.62 (1.50) | 4.80 (1.46)a | 4.54 (1.62)b | 4.54 (1.58) | 4.71 (1.52) | 4.63 (1.54) | 3.19*. | |
| I consider myself to be in very good health. | 0.962 | 4.64(1.56) | 4.78(1.50) a | 4.56(1.74) | 4.57(1.69) | 4.74(1.59) | 4.65(1.61) | 2.41*. |
| My general health is excellent. | 0.955 | 4.58(1.56) | 4.80(1.55) a | 4.46(1.76) b | 4.49(1.67) | 4.68(1.59) | 4.58(1.62) | 4.57** |
| I am a very healthy individual. | 0.958 | 4.64(1.53) | 4.81(1.50) | 4.60(1.70) | 4.57(1.61) | 4.72(1.58) | 4.65(1.58) | 2.20 . |
(R) – item reverse coded; CA = Cronbach Alpha; CR = Composite Reliability; AVE = Average Variance Extracted.
^ Test of differences in means across five countries sampled; */** p < .05/.01. a/b – country mean significantly higher/lower than mean excluding country (p < .05).