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. 2021 Jul 23;198:218–222. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.017

Table 2.

Prevalence ratios (PRs) of anxiety and depression for men and women (aggregated 21-wave data).

Variables Anxiety among men
Anxiety among women
Depression among men
Depression among women
PR (95 % CI) P PR (95 % CI) P PR (95 % CI) P PR (95 % CI) P
Age-group (reference: emerging adults 18–24)
Young adults (25–44) 1.15 (1.11, 1.21) <0.001 0.94 (0.92, 0.97) <0.001 1.05 (1.00, 1.09) 0.033 0.86 (0.83, 0.89) <0.001
Middle-aged adults (45–64) 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) 0.080 0.81 (0.79, 0.84) <0.001 0.86 (0.82, 0.90) <0.001 0.76 (0.74, 0.79) <0.001
Older adults (65–88) 0.55 (0.52, 0.58) <0.001 0.51 (0.50, 0.53) <0.001 0.52 (0.49, 0.55) <0.001 0.49 (0.47, 0.51) <0.001
Race/ethnicity (reference: White)
Black 0.95 (0.92, 0.99) 0.009 0.86 (0.84, 0.87) <0.001 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) 0.042 0.91 (0.89, 0.93) <0.001
Hispanic 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) 0.680 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) <0.001 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) 0.357 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) 0.004
Asian 0.81 (0.77, 0.85) <0.001 0.80 (0.77, 0.83) <0.001 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) <0.001 0.90 (0.86, 0.94) <0.001
Other 1.16 (1.11, 1.21) <0.001 1.11 (1.08, 1.14) <0.001 1.17 (1.12, 1.23) <0.001 1.13 (1.09, 1.17) <0.001
Education (reference: high school or lower)
Some college 1.04 (1.01, 1.06) 0.005 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) <0.001 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) 0.034 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 0.482
Bachelor or higher 0.95 (0.92, 0.97) <0.001 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) 0.477 0.84 (0.82, 0.87) <0.001 0.81 (0.79, 0.83) <0.001
Household income (reference: less than $49,000)
$50,000–$99,000 0.78 (0.76, 0.81) <0.001 0.85 (0.83, 0.86) <0.001 0.75 (0.73, 0.77) <0.001 0.79 (0.77, 0.81) <0.001
$100,000–$149,000 0.66 (0.63, 0.68) <0.001 0.76 (0.74, 0.77) <0.001 0.60 (0.58, 0.63) <0.001 0.66 (0.64, 0.68) <0.001
$150,000 or higher 0.57 (0.55, 0.59) <0.001 0.66 (0.64, 0.68) <0.001 0.48 (0.46, 0.50) <0.001 0.55 (0.53, 0.57) <0.001
Unknown 0.75 (0.72, 0.79) <0.001 0.80 (0.78, 0.82) <0.001 0.75 (0.71, 0.79) <0.001 0.73 (0.70, 0.75) <0.001
Household structure (reference: married no kids)
Married with kids 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) 0.504 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) <0.001 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) 0.089 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) 0.197
Live alone 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) 0.004 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) <0.001 1.22 (1.17, 1.26) <0.001 1.21 (1.18, 1.25) <0.001
Live alone with kids 1.20 (1.14, 1.27) <0.001 1.14 (1.10, 1.17) <0.001 1.26 (1.18, 1.34) <0.001 1.18 (1.14, 1.22) <0.001
Other 1.21 (1.18, 1.25) <0.001 1.25 (1.22, 1.27) <0.001 1.35 (1.30, 1.39) <0.001 1.34 (1.31, 1.37) <0.001

CI, confidence interval.