Table 2:
Lesion-specific predictors of readmission.
| Diagnosis | Risk Factor | Not Readmitted (%) | Readmitted (%) | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | CKD | 2187 (6) | 3753 (15) | 1.58 | 1.44–1.74 | <.0001 | 1 |
| DM with complications | 1305 (3) | 1910 (8) | 1.52 | 1.40–1.65 | <.0001 | 2 | |
| Private insurance | 17625 (45) | 6839 (27) | 0.59 | 056–0.62 | <.0001 | 3 | |
| CHF | 5916 (15) | 7120 (28) | 1.43 | 1.36–1.50 | <.0001 | 4 | |
| Liver disease | 1709 (4) | 2045 (8) | 1.42 | 1.32–1.53 | <.0001 | 5 | |
| Complications of surgery or medical care | 4261 (11) | 2405 (10) | 0.75 | 0.70–0.79 | <.0001 | 6 | |
| VTE | 1129 (3) | 1228 (5) | 1.38 | 1.25–1.51 | <.0001 | 7 | |
| Eisemenger Syndrome | CVD | 2 (2) | 17 (14) | 4.28 | 1.07–40.45 | 0.042 | 2 |
| Single Ventricle | DM with complications | 7 (1) | 30 (4) | 2.61 | 1.06–6.42 | 0.0372 | 1 |
| Complications of surgery or medical care | 69 (11) | 56 (8) | 0.57 | 0.37–0.87 | 0.0088 | 2 | |
| Liver disease | 45 (7) | 100 (14) | 1.90 | 1.27–2.86 | 0.0019 | 3 | |
| Reactive airway disease | 67 (10) | 145 (20) | 1.69 | 1.19–2.40 | 0.0034 | 4 | |
| Private insurance | 252 (39) | 188 (26) | 0.49 | 0.35–0.69 | 0.0003 | 5 | |
| CHF | 151 (23) | 279 (39) | 1.52 | 1.16–2.00 | 0.0026 | 6 | |
| Arrhythmia | 317 (49) | 393 (55) | 1.29 | 1.02–1.65 | 0.0377 | 7 | |
| TGA | DM with complications | 3 (1) | 26 (5) | 8.09 | 2.27–28.80 | 0.0013 | 1 |
| Mood disorders | 29 (5) | 70 (14) | 2.50 | 1.52–4.10 | 0.0003 | 2 | |
| Anxiety disorders | 13 (2) | 29 (6) | 2.40 | 1.09–5.25 | 0.0291 | 3 | |
| Age | 35.2±16.4 | 38.4±18.3 | 0.52 | 0.33–0.92 | 0.0057 | 4 | |
| Private insurance | 251 (47) | 189 (37) | 0.59 | 0.39–0.89 | 0.0362 | 5 | |
| CHF | 107 (20) | 173 (34) | 1.70 | 1.22–2.38 | 0.0017 | 6 | |
| Conotruncal abnormality | CHF | 35 (16) | 103 (37) | 2.27 | 1.37–3.74 | 0.0015 | 1 |
| Arrhythmia | 67 (31) | 118 (43) | 1.57 | 1.02–2.41 | 0.0397 | 2 | |
| AVSD | CKD | 10 (4) | 26 (12) | 2.93 | 1.28–6.68 | 0.011 | 1 |
| Respiratory failure | 38 (14) | 21 (10) | 0.46 | 0.24–0.87 | 0.018 | 2 | |
| CHF | 64 (23) | 79 (36) | 1.64 | 1.05–2.56 | 0.0312 | 3 | |
| Ebstein’s | CHF | 45 (18) | 77 (39) | 2.29 | 1.36–3.86 | 0.0019 | 1 |
| PS | HTN with complications or secondary | 22 (3) | 60 (10) | 2.41 | 1.02–5.68 | 0.0437 | 1 |
| Private insurance | 427 (49) | 159 (26) | 0.39 | 0.28–0.56 | <0.0001 | 2 | |
| CHF | 100 (11) | 146 (24) | 1.58 | 1.14–2.18 | 0.0064 | 3 | |
| Bacterial infection | 103 (12) | 127 (21) | 1.55 | 1.13–2.14 | 0.0073 | 4 | |
| Reactive airway disease | 117 (13) | 143 (23) | 1.39 | 1.03–1.88 | 0.033 | 5 | |
| CoA | Liver disease | 16 (3) | 34 (10) | 2.90 | 1.40–6.03 | 0.0044 | 1 |
| HTN with complications or secondary | 34 (6) | 64 (18) | 2.48 | 1.32–4.66 | 0.0048 | 2 | |
| Complications of surgery or medical care | 73 (13) | 30 (8) | 0.40 | 0.22–0.73 | 0.0027 | 3 | |
| Pulmonary heart disease | 30 (5) | 49 (14) | 2.65 | 1.49–4.73 | 0.001 | 4 | |
| Device related complication | 36 (6) | 10 (3) | 0.40 | 0.17–0.98 | 0.0451 | 5 | |
| Reactive airway disease | 69 (12) | 90 (25) | 1.96 | 1.27–3.01 | 0.0023 | 6 | |
| Shunts | CKD | 1615 (6) | 3077 (17) | 1.72 | 1.55–1.92 | <.0001 | 1 |
| DM with complications | 943 (4) | 1530 (8) | 1.53 | 1.40–1.68 | <.0001 | 2 | |
| Private insurance | 10492 (42) | 4450 (25) | 0.60 | 0.56–0.64 | <.0001 | 3 | |
| Reactive airway disease | 3632 (14) | 4319 (24) | 1.40 | 1.33–1.48 | <.0001 | 4 | |
| CHF | 3893 (15) | 5266 (29) | 1.39 | 1.31–1.47 | <.0001 | 5 | |
| Mood disorders | 1942 (8) | 2058 (11) | 1.37 | 1.28–1.47 | <.0001 | 6 | |
| Bacterial infection | 3664 (15) | 4322 (24) | 1.35 | 1.28–1.43 | <.0001 | 7 | |
| Subaortic stenosis | CAD | 34 (15) | 54 (29) | 2.36 | 1.32–4.28 | 0.0055 | 1 |
| CHF | 40 (17) | 67 (36) | 2.12 | 1.16–3.72 | 0.0086 | 2 | |
| Pulmonary heart disease | 19 (8) | 35 (19) | 2.10 | 0.96–4.41 | 0.0486 | 3 | |
| HTN | 87 (38) | 64 (34) | 0.56 | 0.34–0.97 | 0.0468 | 4 | |
| Private insurance | 105 (46) | 42 (22) | 0.45 | 0.23–0.94 | 0.0472 | 5 | |
| AS/BAV | CKD | 265 (4) | 334 (11) | 1.90 | 1.44–2.50 | <.0001 | 1 |
| Bacterial infection | 839 (12) | 694 (22) | 1.73 | 1.52–1.97 | <.0001 | 2 | |
| Liver disease | 277 (4) | 278 (9) | 1.62 | 1.34–1.97 | <.0001 | 3 | |
| Private insurance | 4143 (59) | 1335 (43) | 0.64 | 0.57–0.73 | <.0001 | 4 | |
| Device related complications | 225 (3) | 186 (6) | 1.62 | 1.29–2.02 | <.0001 | 5 | |
| Substance abuse | 305 (4) | 283 (9) | 1.55 | 1.28–1.87 | <.0001 | 6 | |
| Complications of surgery or medical care | 1400 (20) | 482 (15) | 0.72 | 0.63–0.82 | <0.0001 | 7 | |
| Coronary anomaly | CHF | 360 (10) | 474 (22) | 1.66 | 1.39–1.97 | <.0001 | 1 |
| Mood disorders | 271 (7) | 283 (13) | 1.59 | 1.31–1.93 | <.0001 | 2 | |
| Private insurance | 1656 (45) | 605 (28) | 0.60 | 0.53–0.69 | <.0001 | 3 | |
| Conduction system disease | 368 (10) | 343 (16) | 1.46 | 1.23–1.74 | <.0001 | 4 | |
| DM with complications | 114 (3) | 134 (6) | 1.49 | 1.12–1.97 | 0.0059 | 5 | |
| Reactive airway disease | 569 (15) | 551 (25) | 1.42 | 1.23–1.64 | <.0001 | 6 | |
| Hypertension with complications or secondary | 294 (8) | 313 (14) | 1.32 | 1.01–1.72 | 0.0397 | 7 | |
| Other | CKD | 94 (5) | 199 (11) | 2.12 | 1.43–3.15 | 0.0002 | 1 |
| Device related complication | 71 (3) | 110 (6) | 1.81 | 1.30–2.53 | 0.0005 | 2 | |
| Private insurance | 874 (37) | 424 (22) | 0.56 | 0.47–0.66 | <.0001 | 3 | |
| DM with complications | 51 (2) | 87 (5) | 1.62 | 1.09–2.40 | 0.0168 | 4 | |
| Complications of surgery or medical care | 191 (8) | 116 (6) | 0.63 | 0.48–0.82 | 0.0005 | 5 | |
| CHF | 427 (18) | 593 (31) | 1.56 | 1.32–1.84 | <.0001 | 6 | |
| Anxiety disorder | 102 (4) | 136 (7) | 1.55 | 1.16–2.06 | 0.0027 | 7 |
Not Readmitted: number of patients in the indicated group with the indicated risk factor who were not readmitted; Readmitted: number of patients in the indicated group with the indicated risk factor who were readmitted; Rank: indicates the relative importance of the identified variable in predicting risk of readmission for patients with the indicated congenital diagnosis based on regression analysis. Only variables found to have a statistically significant effect are reported. In certain cases, variables with large effects on regression failed to achieve statistical significance, due to low prevalence. As there was uncertainty about the validity of these effects, these variables were not reported and their ranks were bypassed. The seven factors having the greatest effect on overall model variability are reported. DM: diabetes mellitus; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; VTE: venous thromboembolism; CVD cerebrovascular disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; HTN: hypertension; TGA: transposition of the great arteries; AVSD: atrioventricular septal defect; PS: congenital pulmonary stenosis; CoA: coarctation of the aorta; BAV: bicuspid aortic valve, AS: congenital aortic stenosis