FIGURE 2.

Increased autophagosome degradation in gastrocnemius from D2-mdx. Western blot analysis of autophagy markers in whole muscle extract from 11 month old D2-mdx and DBA gastrocnemius. (A) Among the autophagy activation markers, AMPK, pAMPK T172, Beclin1 and pBeclin1 S91 were increased in dystrophic muscle compared to DBA whereas pULK1 S555 was reduced. The autophagosome formation marker ATG12-ATG5 was increased in D2-mdx gastrocnemius muscle compared to muscle from DBA. LC3I was increased and p62 was reduced in D2-mdx gastrocnemius muscle. The lysosomal marker LAMP2 was increased and lysosomal enzyme Cathepsin B was decreased in muscle from D2-mdx compared to DBA. (B) Representative western blot images and corresponding Ponceau stain image. Significance is established at p < 0.05. * Indicates significance between D2-mdx and DBA (n = 7 mice per group).