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. 2021 Jul 9;12:691245. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691245

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Copyright © 2021 Krishna, Spaulding, Quindry, Hudson, Quindry and Selsby.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Autophagosome formation markers were detected only in cytosolic fraction from gastrocnemius muscles. Western blot analysis of ATG16L1, ATG12-ATG5, and ATG12 in cytosolic fraction of gastrocnemius muscles from 11 mo DBA and D2-mdx mice. (A) ATG16L1 was decreased in CF from D2-mdx compared to DBA and ATG12 and ATG12-ATG5 were similar between the groups. (B) Representative western blot images and corresponding Ponceau stain image. Significance is established at p < 0.05. * Indicates significance in D2-mdx and DBA (n = 7 mice per group). ND indicates not detected.