Table 3.
Epigenetic targets and their agents in rheumatoid arthritis.
| Targets | Agents | Phases | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA methylation | |||
| DNMT | Azacitidine | Animal study | (177) |
| Decitabine | Animal study | (177) | |
| Procainamide | Animal study | (177) | |
| Hydralazine | Animal study | (177) | |
| EGCG | Animal study | (177) | |
| RNA methylation | |||
| METTL3 | – | Cell culture | (178) |
| Histone modification | |||
| HAT | Delphinidin | Cell culture | (179) |
| Anacardic acid | Animal study | (180) | |
| HMT | GSK-J4 | Animal study | (181) |
| EZH2 | Cell culture | ||
| HDAC | MS-275 | Animal study | (182) |
| Entinostat | Cell culture | (183) | |
| Histone modification | |||
| HDAC | MI192 | Cell culture | (183) |
| Trichostatin A | Cell culture | (183) | |
| Valproic acid | Animal study | (183) | |
| Vorinostat | Cell culture | (183) | |
| Nicotinamide | Cell culture | (184) | |
| MPT0G009 | Animal study | (183) | |
| CKD-506 | Animal study | (185) | |
| CKD-L | Animal study | (186) | |
| NK-HDAC-1 | Animal study | (187) | |
| SAHA | Animal study | (182) | |
| Largazole | Cell culture | (188) | |
| Givinostat | Cell culture | (189) | |
| BET | I-BET151 | Animal study | (190) |
| JQ1 | Animal study | (191) | |
DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; METTL3, methyltransferase-like 3; HAT, histone acetyltransferase; HDAC, histone deacetylases; HMT, histone methyltransferase; BET, bromodomain and extra-terminal; SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; EZH2, zeste homolog 2.