Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Variables | Men (n = 409) |
Women (n = 498) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 61 (4) | 61 (4) | .738 |
| Maximal walking speed (m/s) | 1.84 (0.34) | 1.58 (0.28) | <.001 |
| Grip strength (N) | 465 (84) | 262 (64) | <.001 |
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Body mass index | .06 | ||
| Normal to overweight (18.5–29.9 kg/m2) | 312 (76) | 352 (71) | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 97 (24) | 146 (29) | |
| Waist circumference | <.001 | ||
| Low (men ≤ 102 cm, women ≤ 88 cm) | 258 (63) | 232 (47) | |
| High (men > 102 cm, women > 88 cm) | 151 (37) | 266 (53) | |
| Education | .06 | ||
| Basic | 193 (47) | 260 (52) | |
| Intermediate | 127 (31) | 119 (24) | |
| High | 89 (22) | 119 (24) | |
| Smoking | <.001 | ||
| Current/occasional | 73 (18) | 57 (11) | |
| Former | 170 (42) | 60 (12) | |
| Never/nonsmoker more than 1 year | 166 (41) | 381 (77) | |
| Alcohol | <.001 | ||
| Men < 7 or Women < 4 (portions/week) | 271 (66) | 406 (82) | |
| Men ≥ 7 or Women ≥ 4 (portions/week) | 138 (34) | 92 (18) | |
| Physical activity | <.001 | ||
| Low | 64 (16) | 96 (19) | |
| Moderate | 247 (60) | 339 (68) | |
| High | 98 (24) | 63 (13) |
Note. p-value for comparison between sexes by chi-square, ANOVA, or Wilcoxon Scores test. ANOVA = analysis of variance.