Table 1.
Participant data.
| Variables | WHO reference ranges | Current n = 71 (17%) | Past n = 103 (25%) | Never n = 235 (57%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (mean, SD) | 34.8 (5.2) | 35.0 (5.3) | 36.3 (7.4) | 0.39 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| <20 | 2 (2.8) | 5 (4.8) | 1 (0.4) | <0.02 | |
| 20–24.99 | 16 (22.5) | 18 (17.5) | 67 (28.5) | ||
| ⩾25 | 53 (74.7) | 80 (77.7) | 167 (71.1) | ||
| Current tobacco use (%) | |||||
| No | 44 (62.0) | 78 (75.7) | 167 (71.1) | <0.01 | |
| Yes | 26 (36.6) | 25 (24.3) | 28 (11.9) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (17.0) | ||
| Volume, mean (SD) | 1.5–7.6 ml | 3.2 (1.47) | 3.13 (1.48) | 3.03 (1.55) | 0.68 |
| Concentration, mean (SD) | 15–259 million/ml | 98.36 (96.08) | 100.15 (92.76) | 79.22 (75.07) | 0.26 |
| % Motility, mean (SD) | 40–81 % | 46.04 (21.66) | 48.74 (15.91) | 49.99 (18.69) | 0.25 |
| % Progressive motility, mean (SD) | 31–75% | 40.83 (19.73) | 40.06 (16.67) | 41.7 (18.66) | 0.85 |
| % Strict morphology, mean (SD) | 4–48% | 5.48 (4.19) | 3.94 (3.65) | 4.79 (4.71) | 0.007 |
| TMC, mean (SD) | >20 million | 145.48 (174.97) | 146.3 (150.29) | 139 (169.51) | 0.95 |
| TPMC, mean (SD) | >12.5 million | 128.15 (150.51) | 123.59 (134.37) | 121.48 (158.67) | 0.93 |
BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; TMC, total motile count; TPMC, total progressive motile count; WHO, World Health Organization.